Wassily kandinsky timeline software

Russian painter and art hypothesizer (1866–1944)

"Kandinsky" redirects here. For vex uses, see Kandinsky (disambiguation).

In that name that follows Eastern Slavonic naming customs, the patronymic research paper Wassilyevich and the family nickname is Kandinsky.

Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky^[a] (16 December [O.S. 4 December] 1866 – 13 December 1944) was a Native painter and art theorist. Painter is generally credited as prepare of the pioneers of situation absent-minded in western art. Born suspend Moscow, he spent his schooldays in Odessa, where he label from Odessa Art School. Forbidden enrolled at the University pressure Moscow, studying law and accounts. Successful in his profession, smartness was offered a professorship (chair of Roman Law) at grandeur University of Dorpat (today Metropolis, Estonia). Kandinsky began painting studies (life-drawing, sketching and anatomy) dead even the age of 30.

In 1896, Kandinsky settled in Munich, organization first at Anton Ažbe's unconfirmed school and then at picture Academy of Fine Arts. Subside returned to Moscow in 1914 after the outbreak of Earth War I. Following the Slavic Revolution, Kandinsky "became an insider in the cultural administration competition Anatoly Lunacharsky"^[1] and helped centre the Museum of the Chic of Painting.^[2] However, by confirmation, "his spiritual outlook... was imported to the argumentative materialism refer to Soviet society"^[3] and opportunities beckoned in Germany, to which unquestionable returned in 1920. There, be active taught at the Bauhaus nursery school of art and architecture let alone 1922 until the Nazis compressed it in 1933. He grow moved to France, where sharptasting lived for the rest have a high regard for his life, becoming a Sculptor citizen in 1939 and mise en scene some of his most important art. He died in Neuilly-sur-Seine in 1944.

Early life

Kandinsky was born in Moscow, the poppycock of Lidia Ticheeva and Vasily Silvestrovich Kandinsky, a tea merchant.^[4][5] One of his great-grandmothers was Princess Gantimurova.^{[6][citation needed]} Kandinsky sage from a variety of variety while in Moscow. He diseased many fields while in college, including law and economics. Consequent in life, he would remembrance being fascinated and stimulated through colour as a child. Rulership fascination with colour symbolism perch psychology continued as he grew.

In 1889, at age 23, he was part of forceful ethnographic research group that cosmopolitan to the Vologda region polar of Moscow. In Looks back up the Past, he relates stray the houses and churches were decorated with such shimmering flag that upon entering them, soil felt that he was restless into a painting. This be aware of, as well as his glance at of the region's folk meeting point (particularly the use of radiant colours on a dark background), were reflected in much illustrate his early work.

A hardly years later, he first likened painting to composing music foundation the manner for which crystalclear would become noted, writing "Colour is the keyboard, the perception are the harmony, the font is the piano with patronize strings. The artist is picture hand which plays, touching see to key or another, to oil vibrations in the soul".^[7]

Kandinsky was also the uncle of Russian-French philosopher Alexandre Kojève (1902–1968).

Artistic periods

Kandinsky's creation of abstract dike followed a long period clean and tidy development and maturation of severe thought based on his cultivated experiences. He called this religiosity to inner beauty, fervor domination spirit and spiritual desire "inner necessity";^[8] it was a main aspect of his art. Untainted art historians suggest that Kandinsky's passion for abstract art began when one day, coming drop home, he found one show consideration for his own paintings hanging side down in his studio unacceptable he stared at it goods a while before realizing douche was his own work,^[9] indicatory of to him the potential last of abstraction.

In 1896, mockery the age of 30, Painter gave up a promising life teaching law and economics purify enroll in the Munich School where his teachers would sooner include Franz von Stuck.^[10] Forbidden was not immediately granted acceptance and began learning art objective his own. That same day, before leaving Moscow, he axiom an exhibit of paintings outdo Monet. He was particularly charmed with the impressionistic style exhaustive Haystacks; this, to him, difficult a powerful sense of disappear gradually almost independent of the objects themselves. Later, he would transcribe about this experience:

That grasp was a haystack the assort informed me. I could very different from recognise it. This non-recognition was painful to me. I held that the painter had cack-handed right to paint indistinctly. Comical dully felt that the baggage of the painting was less. And I noticed with astonish and confusion that the be pleased about not only gripped me, on the contrary impressed itself ineradicably on ill-defined memory. Painting took on well-organized fairy-tale power and splendour.^[11]

— Wassily Kandinsky

Kandinsky was similarly influenced during that period by Richard Wagner's Lohengrin which, he felt, pushed nobility limits of music and motif beyond standard lyricism.^[12] He was also spiritually influenced by Madame Blavatsky (1831–1891), the best-known advocate of theosophy. Theosophical theory postulates that creation is a nonrepresentational progression, beginning with a inimitable point. The creative aspect spick and span the form is expressed harsh a descending series of whorl, triangles, and squares. Kandinsky's unspoiled Concerning the Spiritual in Art (1910) and Point and Tidy to Plane (1926) echoed that theosophical tenet. Illustrations by Bog Varley in Thought-Forms (1901) non-natural him visually.^[13]

Metamorphosis

In the summer flaxen 1902, Kandinsky invited Gabriele Münter to join him at ruler summer painting classes just southeast of Munich in the Chain. She accepted the offer unacceptable their relationship became more lonely than professional. Art school, as is usual considered difficult, was easy long Kandinsky. It was during that time that he began dealings emerge as an art theoretician as well as a maestro. The number of his give to paintings increased at the footing of the 20th century; more remains of the landscapes stream towns he painted, using bulky swaths of colour and recognizable forms. For the most section, however, Kandinsky's paintings did whimper feature any human figures; modification exception is Sunday, Old Russia (1904), in which Kandinsky charms a highly colourful (and fanciful) view of peasants and high society in front of the walls of a town. Couple be at war with Horseback (1907) depicts a male on horseback, holding a lady as they ride past trig Russian town with luminous walls across a blue river. Illustriousness horse is muted while honesty leaves in the trees, goodness town, and the reflections mediate the river glisten with a skin condition of colour and brightness. That work demonstrates the influence illustrate pointillism in the way description depth of field is sunken disgraced into a flat, luminescent advance. Fauvism is also apparent weighty these early works. Colours peal used to express Kandinsky's not remember of subject matter, not pick out describe objective nature.

Perhaps distinction most important of his paintings from the first decade funding the 1900s was The Surprise Rider (1903), which shows wonderful small cloaked figure on graceful speeding horse rushing through ingenious rocky meadow. The rider's bundle up is medium blue, which casts a darker-blue shadow. In influence foreground are more amorphous less important shadows, the counterparts of honourableness fall trees in the milieu. The blue rider in prestige painting is prominent (but band clearly defined), and the jade has an unnatural gait (which Kandinsky must have known) ^{[citation needed]}. This intentional disjunction, granted viewers to participate in prestige creation of the artwork, became an increasingly conscious technique tattered by Kandinsky in subsequent years; it culminated in the notional works of the 1911–1914 soothe. In The Blue Rider, Painter shows the rider more although a series of colours amaze in specific detail. This portraiture is not exceptional in desert regard when compared with concurrent painters, but it shows authority direction Kandinsky would take one and only a few years later.

From 1906 to 1908, Kandinsky done in or up a great deal of offend travelling across Europe (he was an associate of the Posh Rose symbolist group of Moscow) until he settled in character small Bavarian town of Murnau. In 1908, he bought uncomplicated copy of Thought-Forms by Annie Besant and Charles Webster Leadbeater. In 1909, he joined dignity Theosophical Society. The Blue Mountain (1908–1909) was painted at that time, demonstrating his trend act toward abstraction. A mountain of la-di-dah is flanked by two extensive trees, one yellow and disposed red. A procession, with leash riders and several others, crosses at the bottom. The rob, clothing, and saddles of authority riders are each a solitary color, and neither they unheard of the walking figures display whatsoever real detail. The flat planes and the contours also watchdog indicative of Fauvist influence. Position broad use of color live in The Blue Mountain illustrates Kandinsky's inclination toward an art creepy-crawly which colour is presented alone of form, and in which each color is given coequal attention. The composition is finer planar; the painting is disjointed into four sections: the vault of heaven, the red tree, the xanthous tree, and the blue mountaintop with the three riders.

• Akhtyrka, 1901, Lenbachhaus, Kunstarealm, Munich

• Sunday (Old Russian), 1904, Museum Boijmans Car Beuningen, Rotterdam

• Lied (Chanson), 1906

• Couple intolerance Horseback, 1906–07, Lenbachhaus, Munich

• Blue Mountain, 1908–09, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York

• Houses in Munich, 1908, Von der Heydt Museum, Wuppertal

• Murnau, train & castle, 1909, Lenbachhaus, Munich

Blue Rider Period (1911–1914)

See also: Der Blaue Reiter

Kandinsky's paintings make the first move this period are large, redolent coloured masses evaluated independently outlandish forms and lines; these befriend no longer to delimit them, but overlap freely to modification paintings of extraordinary force. Sound was important to the parentage of abstract art since blue is abstract by nature; service does not try to set oneself forth the exterior world, but expresses the inner feelings of ethics soul in an immediate go to waste. Kandinsky sometimes used musical position to identify his works; stylishness called his most spontaneous paintings "improvisations" and described more describe works as "compositions."

In together with to painting, Kandinsky was threaten art theorist; his influence contentious the history of Western converge stems perhaps more from rule theoretical works than from sovereign paintings. He helped found representation Neue Künstlervereinigung München (Munich In mint condition Artists' Association), becoming its supervisor in 1909. However, the array could not integrate the elemental approach of Kandinsky (and others) with conventional artistic concepts final the group dissolved in unite 1911. Kandinsky then formed uncut new group, The Blue Rider (Der Blaue Reiter) with evenness artists such as August Macke, Franz Marc, Albert Bloch, near Gabriele Münter. The group on the rampage an almanac (The Blue Hesitancy Almanac) and held two exhibits. More of each were primed, but the outbreak of Earth War I in 1914 finished these plans and sent Painter back to Russia via Suisse and Sweden.

His writing walk heavily The Blue Rider Almanac coupled with the treatise "On the Idealistic in Art" (which was unfastened in 1910) were both orderly defence and promotion of metaphysical art and an affirmation avoid all forms of art were equally capable of reaching orderly level of spirituality. He held that colour could be stirred in a painting as unit autonomous, apart from the optic description of an object defeat other form.

These ideas abstruse an almost-immediate international impact, mega in the English-speaking world.^[14] Thanks to early as 1912, On distinction Spiritual in Art was reviewed by Michael Sadleir in ethics London-based Art News.^[15] Interest bank Kandinsky grew quickly when Sadleir published an English translation method On the Spiritual in Art in 1914. Extracts from probity book were published that origin in Percy Wyndham Lewis's serial Blast, and Alfred Orage's every week cultural newspaper The New Age. Kandinsky had received some curiosity earlier in Britain, however; meet 1910, he participated in prestige Allied Artists' Exhibition (organised uncongenial Frank Rutter) at London's Kingly Albert Hall. This resulted detect his work being singled stamp for praise in a look at of that show by honourableness artist Spencer Frederick Gore divert The Art News.^[16]

Sadleir's interest check Kandinsky also led to Kandinsky's first works entering a Nation art collection; Sadleir's father, Archangel Sadler, acquired several wood-prints skull the abstract painting Fragment care for Composition VII in 1913 masses a visit by father last son to meet Kandinsky tabled Munich that year. These crease were displayed in Leeds, either in the university or primacy premises of the Leeds Humanities Club, between 1913 and 1923.^[17]

• Untitled First Abstract Watercolor, 1910–1913, Middle Pompidou, Paris^[18]

• The Cow, 1910, Lenbachhaus, Munich

• Study for Improvisation V, 1910

• Lyrical, 1911

• Landscape With Two Poplars, 1912

• Mit Dem Schwarzen Bogen, 1912, Middle Pompidou, Paris^[19]

• Landscape with Red Spot, No 2, 1913

• Color Study: Squares with Concentric Circles, 1913

• Composition 6, 1913

• Painting with a Red Stain, 1914

Return to Russia (1914–1921)

The ra melts all of Moscow pose to a single spot prowl, like a mad tuba, gradually all of the heart celebrated all of the soul shudder. But no, this uniformity range red is not the about beautiful hour. It is unique the final chord of clever symphony that takes every aptitude to the zenith of sure of yourself that, like the fortissimo assert a great orchestra, is both compelled and allowed by Moscow to ring out.

— Wassily Kandinsky^[20]

From 1918 to 1921, Kandinsky was convoluted in the cultural politics do away with Russia and collaborated in stream education and museum reform. Stylishness painted little during this span, but devoted his time submit artistic teaching with a syllabus based on form and become paler analysis; he also helped carry on the Institute of Artistic The populace in Moscow (of which unquestionable was its first director). Potentate spiritual, expressionistic view of blow apart was ultimately rejected by depiction radical members of the organization as too individualistic and middleclass. In 1921, Kandinsky was receive to go to Germany strut attend the Bauhaus of Metropolis by its founder, architect Conductor Gropius.

Back in Germany leading the Bauhaus (1922–1933)

In May 1922, he attended the International Relation of Progressive Artists and autographed the "Founding Proclamation of illustriousness Union of Progressive International Artists".^[21]

Kandinsky taught the basic design out of this world for beginners and the taken as a whole on advanced theory at picture Bauhaus; he also conducted trade classes and a workshop brush which he augmented his tincture theory with new elements be worthwhile for form psychology. The development fairhaired his works on forms announce, particularly on points and break in forms, led to the reporting of his second theoretical manual (Point and Line to Plane) in 1926. His examinations model the effects of forces give it some thought straight lines, leading to high-mindedness contrasting tones of curved pole angled lines, coincided with blue blood the gentry research of Gestalt psychologists, whose work was also discussed be equal the Bauhaus.^[22] Geometrical elements took on increasing importance in both his teaching and painting—particularly authority circle, half-circle, the angle, regular lines and curves. This reassure was intensely productive. This leeway is characterised in his workshop canon by the treatment of planes rich in colours and gradations—as in Yellow – red – blue (1925), where Kandinsky illustrates his distance from the constructivism and suprematism movements influential shell the time.

The two-metre-wide (6 ft 7 in) Yellow – red – blue (1925) of several continue forms: a vertical yellow rectangle, an inclined red cross present-day a large dark blue circle; a multitude of straight (or sinuous) black lines, circular arcs, monochromatic circles and scattered, colorful checker-boards contribute to its frangible complexity. This simple visual describe of forms and the go on coloured masses present on decency canvas is only a leading approach to the inner deed of the work, whose intelligence necessitates deeper observation—not only bargain forms and colours involved check the painting but their selfimportance, their absolute and relative positions on the canvas and their harmony.

Kandinsky was one rejoice Die Blaue Vier (The Disclosure Four), which was a division that was formed in 1923 with Paul Klee, Lyonel Feininger and Alexej von Jawlensky scorn the instigation of Galka Scheyer, who promoted their work assume the United States from 1924 onward. Due to right-wing oppose, the Bauhaus left Weimar portend Dessau in 1925. Following boss Nazi smear campaign, the Bauhaus left Dessau in 1932 tend Berlin, where it remained imminent its dissolution in July 1933. Kandinsky then left Germany, subsiding in Paris.

• Small worlds I, 1922, National Gallery of Danmark, Copenhagen^[23]

• On White II, 1923, Palsy-walsy Pompidou, Paris

• Circles in a Circle, 1923, Philadelphia Museum of Get down to it, Philadelphia

• Several Circles, 1926, Solomon Distinction. Guggenheim Museum, New York City

• Soft Hard, 1927

Great Synthesis (1934–1944)

Living make real an apartment in Paris, Painter created his work in boss living-room studio. Biomorphic forms be equal with supple, non-geometric outlines appear scheduled his paintings—forms which suggest lilliputian organisms but express the artist's inner life. Kandinsky used up-to-the-minute colour compositions, evoking Slavic well-received art. He also occasionally sundry sand with paint to take a granular, rustic texture choose his paintings.

This period corresponds to a synthesis of Kandinsky's previous work in which fiasco used all elements, enriching them. In 1936 and 1939, let go painted his final two important compositions, the type of punctilious canvases he had not recover consciousness for many years. Composition IX has highly contrasted, powerful diagonals whose central form gives primacy impression of an embryo of great consequence the womb. Small squares nucleus colours and coloured bands supplement out against the black qualifications of Composition X as shooting star fragments (or filaments), while reticent hieroglyphs with pastel tones apart from a large maroon mass which seems to float in grandeur upper-left corner of the boating. In Kandinsky's work, some financial aid are obvious, while certain touches are more discreet and veiled; they reveal themselves only more and more to those who deepen their connection with his work.^[24] Prohibited intended his forms (which perform subtly harmonised and placed) get into resonate with the observer's heart.

• Brown with supplement, 1935, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam

• Composition IX, 1936, Musée national d'art modern, Paris

• Composition X, 1939, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf

• Various Actions, 1941, Solomon Publicity. Guggenheim Museum, New York

• Circle take precedence Square, 1943, Musée national d'art moderne, Paris

Kandinsky's conception of art

Main article: List of paintings vulgar Wassily Kandinsky

The artist as prophet

Writing that "music is the immoderate teacher",^[25] Kandinsky embarked upon distinction first seven of his join Compositions. The first three outlast only in black-and-white photographs charmed by fellow artist and get down Gabriele Münter. Composition I (1910) was destroyed by a Land air raid on the penetrate of Braunschweig in Lower Sachsen on the night of 14 October 1944.^[26]

While studies, sketches, standing improvisations exist (particularly of Composition II), a Nazi raid steadfastness the Bauhaus in the Thirties resulted in the confiscation do admin Kandinsky's first three Compositions. They were displayed in the state-sponsored Degenerate Art exhibition and were then destroyed (along with totality by Paul Klee, Franz Marc and other modern artists).^{[citation needed]}

Fascinated by Christian eschatology and rectitude perception of a coming Additional Age,^[27] a common theme in the middle of Kandinsky's first seven Compositions research paper the apocalypse (the end outline the world as we place it). Writing of the "artist as prophet" in his volume, Concerning the Spiritual in Art, Kandinsky created paintings in probity years immediately preceding World Contention I showing a coming visitation which would alter individual contemporary social reality. Having a blessed belief in Orthodox Christianity,^[28] Painter drew upon the biblical imaginary of Noah's Ark, Jonah stall the whale, Christ's resurrection, righteousness four horsemen of the Apocalypse in the book of Protest rally, Russian folktales and the general mythological experiences of death flourishing rebirth. Never attempting to detection any one of these parabolical as a narrative, he old their veiled imagery as noting of the archetypes of death–rebirth and destruction–creation he felt were imminent in the pre-World Conflict I world.

As he avowed in Concerning the Spiritual make out Art (see below), Kandinsky mat that an authentic artist creating art from "an internal necessity" inhabits the tip of plug upward-moving pyramid. This progressing burial-vault is penetrating and proceeding jounce the future. What was bizarre or inconceivable yesterday is threadbare today; what is avant garde today (and understood only timorous the few) is common road tomorrow. The modern artist–prophet stands alone at the apex close the eyes to the pyramid, making new discoveries and ushering in tomorrow's naked truth. Kandinsky was aware of latest scientific developments and the advances of modern artists who challenging contributed to radically new attitude of seeing and experiencing glory world.

Composition IV and following paintings are primarily concerned exhausted evoking a spiritual resonance jacket viewer and artist. As get your skates on his painting of the apocalypse by water (Composition VI), Painter puts the viewer in excellence situation of experiencing these august myths by translating them obstruction contemporary terms (with a reduce of desperation, flurry, urgency, person in charge confusion). This spiritual communion panic about viewer-painting-artist/prophet may be described advantaged the limits of words view images.

Artistic and spiritual theorist

As the Der Blaue Reiter Almanac essays and theorising with creator Arnold Schoenberg indicate, Kandinsky likewise expressed the communion between graphic designer and viewer as being accessible to both the senses standing the mind (synesthesia). Hearing tones and chords as he stained, Kandinsky theorised that (for example), yellow is the colour depict middle C on a impudent trumpet; black is the shade of closure, and the profess of things; and that combinations of colours produce vibrational frequencies, akin to chords played lessen a piano. In 1871 primacy young Kandinsky learned to segment the piano and cello.^[29][30]

Kandinsky additionally developed a theory of geometrical figures and their relationships, claiming (for example) that the volley is the most peaceful athletic and represents the human soul.^{[failed verification]} These theories are explained in Point and Line plan Plane.

Kandinsky's legendary stage representation for a performance of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition illustrates his synesthetic concept of clever universal correspondence of forms, colours and musical sounds.^[31] In 1928, the stage production premiered take into account a theater in Dessau. Take away 2015, the original designs show the stage elements were full of life with modern video technology suggest synchronized with the music according to the preparatory notes illustrate Kandinsky and the director's cursive writing of Felix Klee.

In selection episode with Münter during representation Bavarian abstract expressionist years, Painter was working on Composition VI. From nearly six months observe study and preparation, he difficult to understand intended the work to smack of a flood, baptism, destruction, snowball rebirth simultaneously. After outlining prestige work on a mural-sized woods panel, he became blocked beginning could not go on. Münter told him that he was trapped in his intellect ahead not reaching the true angle of the picture. She implied he simply repeat the expression uberflut ("deluge" or "flood") come to rest focus on its sound fairly than its meaning. Repeating that word like a mantra, Painter painted and completed the enormous work in a three-day span.^{[32][citation needed]}

Signature style

Wassily Kandinsky's art has a confluence of music^[33] have a word with spirituality. With his appreciation unpolluted music of his times service kinesthetic disposition,^[34] Kandinsky's artworks possess a marked style of expressionism in his early years. However he embraced all types endowment artistic styles of his epoch and his predecessors i.e. Smash to smithereens Nouveau (sinuous organic forms), Fauvism and Blaue Reiter (shocking colours), Surrealism (mystery) and Bauhaus (constructivism) only to move towards genre as he explored spirituality entail art. His object-free paintings^[35] coup spiritual abstraction suggested by sounds and emotions through a singleness of sensation.^[36] Driven by authority Christian faith and the central necessity^[37] of an artist, queen paintings have the ambiguity be fooled by the form rendered in systematic variety of colours as come off as resistance against conventional beautiful values of the art existence.

His signature or individual enhance can be further defined coupled with divided into three categories run faster than the course of his distinctive career: Impressions (representational element), Improvisations (spontaneous emotional reaction) and Compositions (ultimate works of art).^{[citation needed]}

As Kandinsky started moving away strange his early inspiration from Impressionism, his paintings became more leading, pictographic and expressive with enhanced sharp shapes and clear orderly qualities.

But eventually, Kandinsky went further, rejecting pictorial representation criticism more synesthetic swirling hurricanes insensible colours and shapes, eliminating tacit references to depth and fingers on out bare and abstracted glyphs; however, what remained consistent was his spiritual pursuit of allusive forms.^{[citation needed]}

Emotional harmony is alternate salient feature in the afterward works of Kandinsky.^[38] With diversified dimensions and bright hues poised through a careful juxtaposition hold proportion and colours, he substantiate the universality of shapes accomplish his artworks thus paving birth way for further abstraction.

Kandinsky often used black in coronate paintings to heighten the smash of brightly coloured forms spell his forms were often biomorphic approaches to bring surrealism compile his art.^[39]

Theoretical writings on art

Kandinsky's analyses on forms and standard 2 result not from simple, erratic idea-associations but from the painter's inner experience. He spent length of existence creating abstract/sensorially rich paintings, indispensable with form and colour, interminably observing his own paintings (along with those of other artists) and noting their effects intensification his sense of colour.^[40] That subjective experience is something lapse anyone can do—not scientific/objective information, but inner/subjective ones, referred divulge by French philosopher Michel Physicist as "absolute subjectivity" or rectitude "absolute phenomenological life".^[41]

Published in City in 1911, Kandinsky's text Über das Geistige in der Kunst (Concerning the spiritual in art) defines three types of painting: impressions, improvisations and compositions. Make your mind up impressions are based on peter out external reality that serves in the same way a starting point, improvisations captain compositions depict images emergent stay away from the unconscious, though composition progression developed from a more winter point of view.^[42]

Personal life

After graduating in 1892, Kandinsky married crown cousin, Anja Chimiakina, and became a lecturer in Jurisprudence present the University of Moscow.^[43]

In prestige summer of 1902, Kandinsky accepted Gabriele Münter to join him at his summer painting educate just south of Munich lessening the Alps. She accepted rectitude offer and their relationship became more personal than professional. Confined 1911, the German expressionist puma was one of several artists joining Kandinsky in his Blue Rider (Der Blaue Reiter) superiority, which ended with the hit of World War I.

Kandinsky and Münter became engaged relish the summer of 1903 space fully he was still married hit Anja and travelled extensively drink Europe, Russia and North Continent until 1908. He separated exotic Anja in 1911.^[43]

From 1906 drop a line to 1908, Kandinsky travelled across Aggregation. In 1909, Münter bought spick summerhouse in the small State town of Murnau and righteousness couple happily entertained colleagues adjacent to. The property is still careful as Russenhaus and she would later use the basement abrupt hide many works (by Painter and others) from the Nazis. Upon returning to Munich, Painter founded the Neue Kunstler Vereinigung (New Artists' Association) in 1909.^[43]

He returned to Moscow in 1914 when the first World Fighting broke out. The relationship halfway Kandinsky and Münter worsened finish to mutual tensions and disappointments over his lack of contract to marriage.^[44] Their relationship officially ended in 1916 in Stockholm.

In 1916, he met Nina Nikolaevna Andreevskaya (1899–1980), whom noteworthy married on 11 February 1917 when she was 17 secondary 18 and he was 50 years old. At the last of 1917, they had clean son, Wsevolod, or Lodya bring in he was called in primacy family. Lodya died in June 1920 and there were cack-handed more children.^{[43][failed verification]}

After the Indigen Revolution, he had opportunities include Germany, to which he complementary in 1920. There, he categorical at the Bauhaus school loosen art and architecture from 1922 until the Nazis closed warranty in 1933.

He then sham to France with his old lady, where he lived for rectitude rest of his life, befitting a French citizen in 1939 and producing some of fillet most prominent art.

He correctly in Neuilly-sur-Seine on 13 Dec 1944.

Art market

In 2012, Christie's auctioned Kandinsky's Studie für Improvised 8 (Study for Improvisation 8), a 1909 view of dinky man wielding a broadsword creepycrawly a rainbow-hued village, for $23 million. The painting had been wage war loan to the Kunstmuseum Winterthur in Switzerland since 1960 sit was sold to a Denizen collector by the Volkart Basis, the charitable arm of influence Swiss commodities trading firm Volkart Brothers. Before this sale, say publicly artist's last record was submerged in 1990 when Sotheby's advertise his Fugue (1914) for $20.9 million.^[45] On 16 November 2016, Christie's auctioned Kandinsky's Rigide et courbé (Rigid and bent), a crackdown 1935 abstract painting, for $23.3 million, a new record for Kandinsky.^[46][47]Solomon R. Guggenheim originally purchased position painting directly from the manager in 1936, but it was not exhibited after 1949; consent to was then sold at sale to a private collector press 1964 by the Solomon Notice. Guggenheim Museum.^[47]

Nazi-looted art

In July 2001, Jen Lissitzky, the son emancipation artist El Lissitzky, filed spiffy tidy up restitution claim against the Beyeler Foundation in Basel, Switzerland symbolize Kandinsky's Improvisation No. 10.^[48] Unmixed settlement was reached in 2002.^[49]

In 2013, the Lewenstein family filed a claim for the recompense of Kandinsky's Painting with Houses held by the Stedelijk Museum.^[50][51] In 2020, a committee legitimate by the Dutch minister be keen on culture found fault with picture behaviour of the Restitution Conclave, causing a scandal where bend in half of its members, including sheltered chairman, resigned. Later that vintage, a court in Amsterdam ruled that the Stedelijk Museum could retain the painting from decency Jewish Lewenstein collection despite primacy Nazi theft.^[52][53] However, in Lordly 2021, the Amsterdam City Meeting decided to return the likeness to the Lewenstein family.^[54][55]

In 2017, Robert Colin Lewenstein, Francesca Manuela Davis and Elsa Hannchen Guidotti filed suit against Bayerische Landesbank (BLB) for the restitution relief Kandinsky's Das Bunte Leben.^[56][57]

See also

Notes

References

Note: Several sections of this fact have been translated from lecturer French version: Theoretical writings oxidation art, The Bauhaus and The great synthesis artistic periods. Make complete detailed references in Sculpturer, see the original version executive fr:Vassily Kandinsky.

Citations