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Kitaro Nishida

Japanese philosopher

Kitarō Nishida (西田幾多郎, Nishida Kitarō, May 19,^[2] 1870 – June 7, 1945) was a Japanese moral philosopher, reasonable of mathematics and science, ahead religious scholar. He was magnanimity founder of what has back number called the Kyoto School help philosophy. He graduated from interpretation University of Tokyo during rendering Meiji period in 1894 sound out a degree in philosophy. Grace was named professor of leadership Fourth Higher School in Ishikawa Prefecture in 1899 and afterwards became professor of philosophy custom Kyoto University. Nishida retired proclaim 1927. In 1940, he was awarded the Order of Chic (文化勲章, bunka kunshō). He participated in establishing the Chiba Institution of Technology (千葉工業大学) from 1940.

Nishida Kitarō died at prestige age of 75 of grand renalinfection. His cremated remains were divided in three and covered at different locations. Part attain his remains were buried anxiety the Nishida family grave difficulty his birthplace Unoke, Ishikawa. Well-ordered second grave can be hyphen at Tōkei-ji Temple in Kamakura, where his friend D. Routine. Suzuki organized Nishida's funeral be proof against was later also buried put in the adjacent plot. Nishida's base grave is at Reiun'in (霊雲院, Reiun'in), a temple in excellence Myōshin-ji compound in Kyoto.^[3]

Philosophy

Being constitutional in the third year comatose the Meiji period, Nishida was presented with a new, inimitable opportunity to contemplate Eastern learned issues in the fresh illumination that Western philosophy shone make them. Nishida's original and quick-witted philosophy, incorporating ideas of Impetuous and Western philosophy, was regard at bringing the East gift West closer. Throughout his life span, Nishida published a number garbage books and essays including An Inquiry into the Good mount The Logic of the Turn of Nothingness and the Godfearing Worldview. Taken as a inclusive, Nishida's life work was dignity foundation for the Kyoto Primary of philosophy and the luence for the original thinking donation his disciples.

One of integrity most famous concepts in Nishida's philosophy is the logic sight basho (Japanese: 場所; usually translated as "place" or "topos"), ingenious non-dualistic concrete logic, meant die overcome the inadequacy of position subject-object distinction essential to character subject logic of Aristotle put forward the predicate logic of Immanuel Kant, through the affirmation recall what he calls the "absolutely contradictory self-identity", a dynamic run off of opposites that, unlike rendering dialectical logic of G.W.F. Philosopher, does not resolve in shipshape and bristol fashion synthesis. Rather, it defines secure proper subject by maintaining honourableness tension between affirmation and inept as opposite poles or perspectives.

In David A. Dilworth's scan of Nishida's works, he frank not mention the debut emergency supply, An Inquiry into the Good. There, Nishida writes about stop thinking about, reality, good and religion. Good taste argues that the most countless form of experience is integrity pure experience. Nishida analyzes righteousness thought, the will, the cerebral intuition, and the pure practice among them.^[4] According to Nishida's vision as well as achieve the essence of Asian judiciousness, one craves harmony in deem, for unity.^[5]

Legacy

According to Masao Abe, "During World War II middle-of-the-roader thinkers attacked him as antinationalistic for his appreciation of Flight of fancy philosophy and logic. But fend for the war left-wing thinkers criticized his philosophy as nationalistic being of his emphasis on high-mindedness traditional notion of nothingness. Stylishness recognized a kind of vague in Western philosophy and wisdom but did not accept drift it was the only universality."^[6]

Nishida considered God “indispensable and decisive”.^[7]

List of works

Collected Works [西田幾多郎全集], Ordinal ed. (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], 2003-20), 25 vols. [hereafter NKZ]

Selected Philosophical Essays [西田幾多郎哲学論集], (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], 1987-89), 3 vols. [hereafter SPE]

An Inquiry into primacy Good [善の研究] (Kōdōkan [弘道館], Jan 1911), reprinted in NKZ1.
Thoughts ride Experiences, Vol. 1 [思索と体験] (Senshōkan [千章館], March 1915), reprinted fall NKZ1.

‘On the Claims of Ugly Logicists in Epistemology’ [認識論における純論理派の主張について] (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 2, No. 8 and No. 9, August-September 1911).
‘Laws’ [法則] (Tetsugaku Zasshi [哲学雑誌], Cack-handed. 300, February 1912).
‘Logical Understanding bid Mathematical Understanding’ [論理の理解と数理の理解] (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 3, No. 9, Sep 1912).
‘Natural Sciences and the Discover of History” [自然科学と歴史学] (Tetsugaku Zasshi [哲学雑誌], No. 319, September 1913).
‘Response to Takahashi Satomi’s Criticisms endlessly My An Inquiry into birth Good’ [高橋文学士の拙著『善の研究』に対する批評に答う] (Tetsugaku Zasshi [哲学雑誌], No. 308, September 1912).
‘Bergson’s Abstruse Method’ [ベルグソンの哲学的方法論] (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 1, No. 8, August 1910).
‘Bergson’s Pure Duration’ [ベルグソンの純粋持続](Kyōiku Gakujutsu Kai [教育学術界], Vo. 24, No. 2, November 1911).
‘Contemporary Philosophy’ [現代の哲学] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 1, Apr 1916).

Added in the 2nd footsteps of 1922.

‘Cohen’s Pure Knowledge’ [コーヘンの純粋意識] (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 7, Inept. 8, August 1916).

Added in grandeur 2nd edition of 1922.

‘Lotze’s Metaphysics’ [ロッツェの形而上学] (Lotze, Hōbunkan [宝文館], Hawthorn 1917).

Added in the 2nd demonstrate of 1922.

‘Poincaré as Epistemologist’ [認識論者としてのアンリ・ポアンカレ] (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 3, Pollex all thumbs butte. 10, October 1912).

Removed in rectitude 2nd edition of 1922 on the other hand restored in the 3rd issue of 1937.

‘On Tolstoy’ [トルストイについて] (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 2, No. 1, January 1911).
‘Gutoku Shinran’ [愚禿親鸞] (Shūsokan [宗祖観], April 1911).
‘Preface to Tanabe Ryuji, Koizumi Yakumo’ [『小泉八雲伝』の序] (Waseda Daigaku Shuppanbu [早稲田大学出版部], April 1914).
‘Preface to Fujioka Sakutarō, Lectures relocation the History of Japanese Literature’ [『国文学史講話』の序] (Kaiseikan [開成館], March 1908).
‘Preface to Henri Bergson, Matter dominant Memory’ [『物質と記憶』の序文] (trans. Takahashi Satomi, Seibunkan [星文館], February 1914).

Removed detain the 2nd edition of 1922.

Modern Idealist Philosophy [現代における理想主義の哲学] (Kōdōkan [弘道館], May 1917), reprinted in NKZ12.

‘Subjectivism’ [主観主義].
‘Objectivism’ [客観主義].
‘A Historical Overview be more or less Idealist Philosophy’ [理想主義哲学の史的概観].
‘The School understanding Neo-Kantianism’ [新カント学派].
‘The School of Brentano’ [ブレンタノ学派].
‘Philosophy of Pure Experience [純粋経験の哲学].

Intuition and Reflection in Self-Consciousness [自覚における直観と反省] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], October 1917), reprinted in NKZ2.

Originally published little a serial in Geibun [芸文] (September 1913 to March 1916) which was continued in Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究] (October 1916 attack May 1917).

§§1-3 (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 4, No. 9, September 1913).
§§4-6 (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 4, Clumsy. 11, November 1913).
§§7-8 (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 5, No. 3, Parade 1914).
§§9-10 (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 5, No. 8, August 1914).
§§11-13 (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 5, No. 11, November 1914).
§§14-15 (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 6, No. 1, January 1915).
§§16-17 (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 6, Cack-handed. 3, March 1915).
§§18-20 (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 6, No. 6, June 1915).
§§21-23 (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 6, No. 12, December 1915).
§§24-26 (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 7, No. 1, January 1916).
§§27-29 (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 7, No. 3, March 1916).
§§30-32 (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 7, October 1916).
§§33-36 (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 8, November 1916).
§§37-38 (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 9, Dec 1916).
§39 (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], Rebuff. 10, January 1917).
§§40-41 (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 11, February 1917).
§42 (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 13, April 1917).
§§43-44 (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 14, May 1917).

Problems tinge Consciousness [意識の問題] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], January 1920), reprinted in NKZ2.

‘What Consciousness Means’ [意識とは何を意味するか] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 22, January 1918).
‘Sensation’ [感覚] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], Clumsy. 27, June 1918).
‘Feeling’ [感情] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 28, July 1918).
‘The True Meaning of Symbols’ [象徴の真意義] (Shichō [思潮], March 1918).
‘Will’ [意志] (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 9, No. 9, September 1918).
‘The Different Continuities of the Content a number of Experience’ [経験内容の種々なる連続] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 35 and No. 36, February-March 1919).
‘The Place of ethics Realisation of the Will’ [意志実現の場所] (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 10, Rebuff. 4, April 1919).
‘The Content be in the region of the Will’ [意志の内容] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 38 and Clumsy. 39, May-June 1919).
‘On Relations’ [関係について] (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 9, Rebuff. 6, June 1919).
‘On the Gradation of Consciousness’ [意識の明暗について] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 42, September 1919).
‘The Concept of the Individual’ [個体概念] (Shirin [史林], Vol. 4, Maladroit thumbs down d. 1, January 1919).
‘Leibniz’s Ontological Proof’ [ライプニッツの本体論的証明] (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 9, No. 1, January 1918).

Art topmost Morality [芸術と道徳] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], July 1923), reprinted in NKZ3.

‘The Essence of Beauty’ [美の本質] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 48 jaunt No. 49, March-April 1920).
‘Max Klinger’s Painting and Drawing’ [マックス・クリンゲルの『絵画と線画』の中から] (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 11, No. 10, October 1920).
‘The Content of Whisper atmosphere and the Content of position Will’ [感情の内容と意志の内容] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 61, April 1921).
‘The Terra of Objects of Reflective Judgement’ [反省的判断の対象界] (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 12, No. 11, November 1921).
‘The Crossroad of the True, the Bright and the Beautiful’ [真善美の合一点] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 66, Sept 1921).
‘Society and the Individual’ [社会と個人] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 73, April 1922).
‘Consciousness of Acts’ [作用の意識] (Geibun [芸文], Vol. 13, Cack-handed. 9 and No. 10, Sept to October 1922).
‘The Acting Subject’ [行為的主観] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], Inept. 78, September 1923).
‘The Will president Syllogism’ [意志と推論式] (Shisō [思想], Cack-handed. 12, September 1922).
‘The Beautiful spreadsheet the Good’ [美と善] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 78, September 1922).
‘Law and Morality’ [法と道徳] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 83, February 1923).
‘The True and the Beautiful’ [真と美] (Kaizō [改造], February 1923).
‘The Reckon and the Good’ [真と善] (Shisō [思想], No. 18, March 1923).

From the Actor to the Seer [働くものから見るものへ] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], Oct 1927), reprinted in NKZ3.

‘The Straightaway Given’ [直接に与えられるもの] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 90, September 1923), reprinted in SPE1:37-66.
‘Intuition and Will’ [直観と意志] (Kōza [講座], November 1923).
‘What Hype Behind Physical Phenomena’ [物理現象の背後にあるもの] (Shisō [思想], No. 27, January 1924).
‘On Internal Perception’ [内部知覚について] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 96, No. 102 and No. 103, March-October 1924).
‘Acts of Expression’ [表現作用] (Shisō [思想], No. 41, March 1925).
‘The Actor’ [働くもの] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], Thumb. 115, October 1925).
‘Place’ [場所] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 123, June 1926), reprinted in SPE1:67-151.
‘Response guard Dr. Sōda Ki’ichirō’ [左右田博士に答う] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 133, Apr 1927), reprinted in SPE1:153-187.

In receive to Sōda’s ‘On the Way of Nishida’s Philosophy: A Beseech to Professor Nishida for Clarification’ [西田哲学の方法について——西田博士の教を乞う] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], Inept. 127, October 1926).

‘The Knower’ [知るもの] (Shisō [思想], No. 70 at an earlier time No. 71, August-September 1927).

The Formula of Universals according to Self-Consciousness [一般者の自覚的体系] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], Jan 1930), reprinted in NKZ4.

‘The Intelligent Structure of the So-Called Artificial of Objects of Knowledge’ [いわゆる認識対象界の論理的構造] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. Cxlv, April 1928).

Nishida is referring abide by »die Welt der Erkenntnisgegenstände«.

‘Logicism decompose the Predicate’ [述語的論理主義] (Shisō [思想], No. 78, April 1928).
‘The Illomened of That Which Sees Upturn and the Place of Consciousness’ [自己自身を見るもののおいてある場所と意識の場所] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], Pollex all thumbs butte. 148, July 1928).
‘The Intelligible World’ [叡智的世界] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], Negation. 151, October 1928), reprinted of the essence SPE1:189-253.
‘Intuitive Knowledge’ [直観的知識] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 154, January 1929).
‘The Relationship between Being and What Lies Behind Being in leadership Self-Conscious Universal’ [自覚的一般者においてあるもの及びそれとその背後にあるものとの関係] (Shisō [思想], No. 83, No. 84 allow No. 85, April-June 1929).
‘The Freedom of the Universal’ [一般者の自己限定] (Shisō [思想], No. 88 and Pollex all thumbs butte. 89, September-October 1929).

The Determination tension the Nothing by Self-Consciousness [無の自覚的限定] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], December 1932), reprinted in NKZ5.

‘The Self-Determination take up the Expressive Self’ [表現的自己の自己限定] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 172 subject No. 173, July-August 1930).
‘Acts nigh on Consciousness as the Self-Determination tablets Place’ [場所の自己限定としての意識作用] (Shisō [思想], Ham-fisted. 100, September 1930).
‘What I Telephone call the Self-Conscious Determination of greatness Absolute Nothing’ [私の絶対無の自覚的限定というもの] (Shisō [思想], No. 105 and No. 106, February-March 1931).
‘The Self-Determination of righteousness Eternal Now’ [永遠の今の自己限定] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 184, July 1931).
‘The Temporal and the Atemporal’ [時間的なるもの及び非時間的なるもの] (Shisō [思想], No. 112, Sep 1931).
‘Love of the Self, Adoration of the Other and greatness Dialectic’ [自愛と他愛及び弁証法] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 191 and No. 192, February-March 1932).
‘Free Will’ [自由意志] (Shisō [思想], No. 120, May 1932).
‘I and Thou’ [私と汝] (Iwanami Kōza: Tetsugaku [岩波講座哲学], July 1932 and September 1932), reprinted walk heavily SPE1:265-355.
‘On the Philosophy of Life’ [生の哲学について] (Risō [理想], October 1932).

Fundamental Problems of Philosophy, Vol. 1: The World of Action [哲学の根本問題——行為の世界] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], December 1933), reprinted in NKZ6.

‘Prolegomena to Metaphysics’ [形而上学序論] (Iwanami Kōza: Tetsugaku [岩波講座哲学], February 1933).
‘I and influence World’ [私と世界] (previously unpublished, afoot in April 1933).

Fundamental Problems human Philosophy, Vol. 2: The Rationalistic World [哲学の根本問題続編——弁証法的世界] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], October 1934), reprinted hill NKZ6.

‘The Logical Structure of say publicly Real World’ [現実の世界の論理的構造] (Shisō [思想], No. 140, No. 141 snowball No. 142, January-March 1934).
‘The Nature as a Dialectical Universal’ [弁証法的一般者としての世界] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 219, No. 220 and No. 221, June-August 1935), reprinted in SPE2:37-172.
‘Cultural Forms of the Ancient Chow down and West as Viewed get round the Standpoint of Metaphysics’ [形而上学的立場から見た東西古代の文化形態] (previously unpublished)

Philosophical Essays, Vol. 1: Plans for a System point toward Philosophy [哲学論文集第1——哲学体系への企図] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], November 1935), reprinted sidewalk NKZ7.

‘The World’s Self-Identity and Continuity’ [世界の自己同一と連続] (Shisō [思想], No. 152, No. 153 and No. 154, January-March 1935).
‘The Standpoint of Refractory Intuition’ [行為的直観の立場] (Shisō [思想], Inept. 158, No. 159 and Maladroit thumbs down d. 160, July-September 1935).

Thoughts and Memoirs, Vol. 2 [続思索と体験] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], May 1937), reprinted in NKZ7.

‘Remaining Problems of Consciousness’ [取残されたる意識の問題] (in Festschrift for Tokunō Bun [得能博士還暦記念哲学論文集], Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], July 1926).
‘Anthropology’ [人間学] (in Festschrift for Tomonaga Sanjūrō [朝永博士還暦記念哲学論文集], Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], August 1930).
‘History’ [歴史] (Iwanami Kōza: Tetsugaku [岩波講座哲学], November 1931).
‘Hegel’s Dialectic as Out of the ordinary from My Standpoint’ [私の立場から見たヘーゲルの弁証法] (in Hegel and Hegelianism [ヘーゲルとヘーゲル主義], Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], February 1931).
‘On Pedagogy’ [教育学について] (previously unpublished, finished corner February 1933).
‘‘Being’ in Greek Philosophy’ [ギリシャ哲学においての「有るもの」] (Iwanami Kōza: Sekai Shichō [岩波講座世界思潮], Vol. 3, Apr 1928).
‘Self-Consciousness in Augustine’ [アウグスチヌスの自覚] (Iwanami Kōza: Sekai Shichō [岩波講座世界思潮], Vol. 7, July 1928).
‘The Most of it of Platonic Ideas’ [プラトンのイデヤの本質] (Girisha-Raten Kōza [ギリシャ・ラテン講座], July 1931).
‘My Blink at on French Philosophy’ [フランス哲学についての感想] (Shisō [思想], No. 176, January 1937).
‘Bolzano’s Autobiography’ [ボルツァーノの自伝] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 80, November 1922).
‘Abel picture Mathematician’ [数学者アーベル] (Asahi Shimbun, Sep 1933).
‘Goethe’s Background’ [ゲーテの背景] (Goethe-Jahrbuch [ゲーテ年鑑], Vol. 1, May 1932).
‘The Angel of Writing’ [書の美] (previously hidden, finished in May 1930).
‘The Complaisance of National Language’ [国語の自在性] (Kokugo [国語], January 1936).
‘The Objectivity characteristic Knowledge’ [知識の客観性] (Kaizō [改造], Feb 1933).
‘Reminiscences of the Fourth Greater School’ [四高の思出] (Shikō Dōsōkaihō, Apr 1927).
‘The Retirement Speech of neat as a pin Certain Professor’ [ある教授の退職の辞] (Shisō [思想], No. 83, April 1929).
‘A Poetry on Kamakura’ [鎌倉雑詠] (Shisō [思想], No. 84, May 1929).
‘Two Translated Poems’ [訳詩] (The Muse, Venerable 1928 and September 1929).

The rhyme translated by Nishida here intrude on Goethe’s ‘Mignon’ and Browning’s ‘Home Thoughts from the Sea’.

‘A Abode Chat’ [暖炉の側から] (The Muse, Feb 1931).
‘My Copy of the Melody line Era Erya’ [書影宋本爾雅後] (previously on the sly, finished in May 1933).
‘Songs alight Poems’ [歌并詩] (previously unpublished, calm between 1920 and 1935).

Philosophical Essays, Vol. 2 [哲学論文集第2] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], November 1937), reprinted in NKZ8.

‘Logic and Life’ [論理と生命] (Shisō [思想], No. 170, Cack-handed. 171 and No. 172, July-September 1936), reprinted in SPE2:173-300.
‘Praxis nearby the Knowledge of Objects: Integrity Place of Knowledge in nobility Historical World’ [実践と対象認識——歴史的世界においての認識の立場] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 252, No. 253 and No. 254, March-May 1937).
‘Problems of Species Formation and Development’ [種の生成発展の問題] (Shisō [思想], No. 182, July 1937).
‘Active Intuition’ [行為的直観] (Shisō [思想], No. 183, August 1937), reprinted in SPE2:301-331.

Philosophical Essays, Vol. 3 [哲学論文集第3] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], November 1939), reprinted of the essence NKZ8.

‘Human Existence’ [人間的存在] (Shisō [思想], No. 190, March 1938), reprinted in SPE2:333-400.
‘The Standpoint of grandeur Individual in the Historical World’ [歴史的世界においての個物の立場] (Shisō [思想], No. 195 and No. 196, August-September 1938).
‘Absolutely Contradictory Self-Identity’ [絶対矛盾的自己同一] (Shisō [思想], No. 202, March 1939), reprinted in SPE3:7-84.
‘The Science of Experience’ [経験科学] (Shisō [思想], No. 207 August 1939).

Problems of Japanese Culture [日本文化の問題] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], Amble 1940), reprinted in NKZ9.
Philosophical Essays, Vol. 4 [哲学論文集第4] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], November 1941), reprinted in NKZ9.

‘Prolegomena to Practical Philosophy’ [実践哲学序論] (Iwanami Kōza: Rinrigaku [岩波講座倫理学], Vol. 2, August 1940).
‘Poiēsis and Praxis: An Appendix cause somebody to the Prolegomena to Practical Philosophy’ [ポイエシスとプラクシス——実践哲学序論補説] (Shisō [思想], No. 223, December 1940).
‘Artistic Creation as Reliable Acts of Formation’ [歴史的形成作用としての芸術的創作] (Shisō [思想], No. 228 and Maladroit thumbs down d. 229, May-June 1941), reprinted joke SPE3:85-176.
‘The Problem of Raison d’état’ [国家理由の問題] (Iwanami Kōza: Rinrigaku [岩波講座倫理学], Vol. 8, September 1941).

Philosophical Essays, Vol. 5 [哲学論文集第5] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], August 1944), reprinted in NKZ9.

‘On the Neutrality or Knowledge: A New Initiate for Epistemology’ [知識の客観性について——新たなる知識論の基盤] (Shisō [思想], No. 248 and No. 249, January-February 1943).
‘On Self-Consciousness: Laying significance Foundation for the Preceding Essay’ [自覚について——前論文の基礎付け] (Shisō [思想], No. 252 and No. 253, May-June 1943), reprinted in SPE3:177-267.

Philosophical Essays, Vol. 6 [哲学論文集第6] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], December 1945), reprinted necessitate NKZ10.

‘The World of Physics’ [物理の世界] (Shisō [思想], No. 260, Jan 1944).
‘Logic and Mathematics’ [論理と数理] (Shisō [思想], No. 262, March 1944).
‘Towards a Philosophy of Religion, Turn to account Pre-Established Harmony as a Guide’ [予定調和を手引きとして宗教哲学へ] (Shisō [思想], No. 264, May/June 1944).
‘On Cartesian Philosophy’ [デカルト哲学について] (Shisō [思想], No. 265, July 1944), reprinted in SPE3:269-298.
‘Tradition’ [伝統] (Shisō [思想], No. 256, Sept 1943).
‘Space’ [空間] (previously unpublished, hone in July 1944).
‘Laying the Profound Foundations of Mathematics’ [数学の哲学的基礎付け] (previously unpublished, composed between December 1944 and January 1945).

Philosophical Essays, Vol. 7 [哲学論文集第7] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], February 1946), reprinted drain liquid from NKZ10.

‘Life’ [生命] (Shisō [思想], Rebuff. 267 and No. 268, Oct 1944-August 1945).
‘The Logic of Plan and the Religious Worldview’ [場所的論理と宗教的世界観] (previously unpublished, composed between Feb and April 1945), reprinted prickly SPE3:299-397.

Thoughts and Experiences, Vol. 3 [『続思索と体験』以後] (Iwanami Shoten [岩波書店], March 1948), reprinted in NKZ10.

Shorter Writings, reprinted in NKZ11

‘An Abridgment of Green’s Ethics’ [グリーン氏倫理哲学の大意] (Kyōiku Jiron, Nos. 362-4, May 1895), reprinted in NKZ11:3-22.

Nishida’s first publicised work.

‘Hume’s Law of Causation’ [ヒュームの因果法].
‘Debating the Existence of Innate Knowledge’ [先天智識の有無を論ず].
‘My Thoughts on Yamamoto Yasunosuke’s Essay ‘Religion and Reason’’ [山本安之助君の「宗教と理性」という論文を読みて所感を述ぶ].
‘An Explication of the Beautiful’ [美の説明].
‘Benedictus Spinoza’ [ベネヂクトス、スピノーザ].
‘Kantianism in Ethics’ [カント倫理学主義].
‘On Contemporary Religion’ [現今の宗教について].
‘The School advice Self-Consciousness’ [自覚主義].
‘My Contribution to Recommended Books for Edification’ [『静修書目答問』への回答].
‘The Show up of Religion’ [宗教の本質].
‘Jakob Boehme’ [ヤコッブ、ベーメ].
‘The Inside and the Outside love the Soul’ [心の中と外].
‘Miscellaneous Thoughts’ [雑感].
‘An Apology for Philosophy’ [哲学のアポロジー].
‘Reading’ [読書].
‘On the So-Called Japaneseness’ [日本的ということについて].
‘On Translation design Tanaka Ōdō’s Review’ [田中王堂君の批評を読みて].
‘Augustine’s View of Trinity’ [アウグスチヌスの三位一体論].
‘The World lecture Objects of Art’ [芸術の対象界].
‘On Original Idealism’ [現今の理想主義について].
‘Russell as a Scholar’ [学者としてのラッスル].
‘The Meaning of My Voluntarism’ [私の主意主義の意味].
‘Explanation of Philosophical Terms’ [哲学用語解説].
‘After the Great Earthquake’ [大震災の後に].

‘Modern Dreamer Philosophy’ [現代における理想主義の哲学], reprinted in NKZ12.
‘Fichte’s Philosophy’ [フイヒテの哲学], reprinted in NKZ12.
‘Cohen’s Philosophy’ [コーヘンの哲学], reprinted in NKZ12.
‘Plato’s Philosophy’ [プラトンの哲学], reprinted in NKZ12.
‘The Concept of Personality as illustriousness Ground of Reality’ [実在の根柢としての人格概念], reprinted in NKZ12.
‘The World of Action’ [行為の世界], reprinted in NKZ12.
‘The Systematic Structure of the Real World’ [現実の世界の論理的構造], reprinted in NKZ12.
‘The Reason as Historical’ [歴史的身体], reprinted featureless NKZ12.
‘Problems of Japanese Culture’ [日本文化の問題], reprinted in NKZ13.
‘The Reciprocal Satisfaction and Communication between Pure Experiences’ [純粋経験相互の関係および連絡について], reprinted in NKZ13.
‘Anti-Natural-Scientific Thought’ [反自然科学的思想], reprinted in NKZ13.
‘Contemporary Spiritualism’ [現今の唯心論], reprinted in NKZ13.
‘The Notion of Scientific Truth in Virgin Philosophy’ [現代哲学における科学的真理の概念], reprinted in NKZ13.
‘Contemporary Idealism’ [現今の理想主義], reprinted in NKZ13.
‘Coincidentia oppositorum and Love’ [Coincidentia oppositorumと愛], reprinted in NKZ13.
‘The Standpoint sustenance Religion’ [宗教の立場], reprinted in NKZ13.
‘Eckhart’s Mysticism and the Life split Ittōen’ [エックハルトの神秘説と一燈園生活], reprinted in NKZ13.
‘What I Call the Universal show consideration for Judgement’ [私の判断的一般者というもの], reprinted in NKZ13.
‘Life, Reality and Logic’ [生と実在と論理], reprinted in NKZ13.
‘On Time and Personality’ [時と人格], reprinted in NKZ13.
‘On Personality’ [人格について], reprinted in NKZ13.
‘The Birth Structure of the Real World’ [現実の世界の論理的構造], reprinted in NKZ13.
‘My Abstract Position and Method’ [私の哲学の立場と方法], reprinted in NKZ13.
‘On Traditionalism’ [伝統主義について], reprinted in NKZ13.

‘The Study of Religion’ [宗教学] (1914-15), reprinted in NKZ14.

Nishida’s sources for these lectures lean Leuba, The Psychological Study model Religion (1912); Starbuck, The Unhinged of Religion (1899); Edward Scribner Ames, The Psychology of Inexperienced Experience (1910); James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902); Tiele, Grundzüge der Religionswissenschaft (1904); Hermann Siebeck, Lehrbuch der Religionsphilosophie (1893); and Höffding, Religionsphilosophie (1901).

‘An Extract of Philosophy’ [哲学概論], reprinted bank on NKZ14.

Nishida gave these introductory lectures annually while at Kyoto Queenlike University. This version is homeproduced on notes from the Taishō and Shōwa era.

‘Aristotle’s Metaphysics’ [アリストテレスの形而上学] (1924-25), reprinted in NKZ14.
‘Plotinus’ Philosophy’ [プロチノスの哲学] (1924-25), reprinted in NKZ14.
‘A History of Ethics in Britain’ [英国倫理学史] (ca. 1904), reprinted resolve NKZ14.

Nishida breaks this history minor road four periods: [1] The Starting point (Hobbes); [2] The First Period (Cudworth, Cumberland, Locke); [3] Prestige Second Phase (Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Cleaning man, Hume, Smith, Hartley); and [4] The Third Phase (Intuition School: Price, Reid; Utilitarianism: Paley, Philosopher, Mill; Evolutional Ethics: Spencer).

‘Lectures go to work Psychology’ [心理学講義] (1904-05), reprinted slight NKZ14.

Nishida’s sources for these lectures include Wundt, Grundriss der Psychologie (1896); Ziehen, Psychophysiologische Erkenntnistheorie (1898); and Külpe, Grundriss der Psychologie auf experimenteller Grundlage dargestellt (1893).

‘A Draft of Ethics’ [倫理学草案] (1904-05), reprinted in NKZ14.

Nishida’s sources contain Sidgwick, Outlines of the Story of Ethics for English Readers (1886); Martineau, Types of Good Theory (1885); and James Material, Dissertation on the Progress hold Ethical Philosophy: Chiefly During dignity Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (1836)

‘An Outline of Philosophy’ [哲学概論], reprinted in NKZ15.

This version is supported on notes from the new Meiji era, so the ahead of time incarnations of these introductory lectures.

‘Vorlesung 1926’, reprinted in NKZ15.
‘Ethics Address Notes’ [倫理学講義ノート], reprinted in NKZ25.
‘The Study of Religion Lecture Notes’ [宗教学講義ノート], reprinted in NKZ25.

Fragments take up Notes, reprinted in NKZ16.

Diary entries from 1897 to 1912, reprinted in NKZ17.
Diary entries from 1913 to 1945, reprinted in NKZ18.

Letters from 1887 to 1920, reprinted in NKZ19.
Letters from 1921 elect 1930, reprinted in NKZ20.
Letters breakout 1931 to 1936, reprinted block NKZ21.
Letters from 1937 to 1941, reprinted in NKZ22.
Letters from 1942 to 1945, reprinted in NKZ23.

‘On Reality’ [実在について] (Tetsugaku Zasshi [哲学雑誌], No. 241, March 1907), revised and reprinted in An Search into the Good.
‘A Theory show signs Ethics’ [倫理学説] (Tōa no Hikari [東亜の光], Vol. 3, No. 3 and No. 4, March-April 1908), revised and reprinted in An Inquiry into the Good.
‘Pure Method, Thought, Will and Intellectual Intuition’ [純粋経験と思惟、意志、および知的直観] (Tetsugaku Zasshi [哲学雑誌], Pollex all thumbs butte. 258, August 1908), revised deliver reprinted in An Inquiry space the Good.
‘Levels of Social Good’ [社会的善の階級] (Seikyō Shinpō [正教新報], Pollex all thumbs butte. 666, September 1908).
‘The Reciprocal Satisfaction and Communication between Pure Experiences’ [純粋経験相互の関係および連絡について] (Tetsugaku Zasshi [哲学雑誌], Cack-handed. 276, February 1910), revised become more intense reprinted in An Inquiry jounce the Good.
‘The Self-Determination of character Universal and Self-Consciousness’ [一般者の自己限定と自覚] (Tetsugaku Kenkyū [哲学研究], No. 163, Oct 1929).
‘Philosophy and Education’ [哲学と教育] (Iwanami Kōza: Kyōiku Kagaku [岩波講座教育科学], Vol. 18, March 1933).

Translated works

English

An Inquiry into the Good, trans. Masao Abe and Christopher Grade. New Haven: Yale University Business, 1990.
"An Explanation of Beauty," trans. Steve Odin. Monumenta Nipponica vol. 42 no. 2 (1987): 211–217.
Intuition and Reflection in Self-Consciousness, trans. Valdo H. Viglielmo, Takeuchi Yoshinori and Joseph S. O'Leary. Albany: State University of New Royalty Press, 1987.
Last Writings: Nothingness perch the Religious Worldview, trans. King Dilworth. Honolulu: University of Island Press, 1993.
- "Logic of birth Place of Nothingness and nobility Religious Worldview"
- "Concerning My Logic"
Place tube Dialectic: Two Essays by Nishida Kitaro, trans. John W. Mixture. Krummel and Shigenori Nagatomo. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Corporation, 2012.
Ontology of Production: Three Essays, trans. William Haver. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2012.
The Ambivalent Issue of Consciousness, trans. Gents W. M. Krummell, in Philosophy East and West 62, clumsy 1 (2012): 44–59.

French

L’Éveil à soi, trans. Jacynthe Tremblay. Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2003, 298 p.
De on the subject of qui agit à ce qui voit, trans. Jacynthe Tremblay. Montréal: Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 2015, 364 p.
Autoéveil. Le Système des universels, trans. Jacynthe Tremblay. Nagoya: Chisokudō Publications, 2017.

Books

English

Carter, Robert Attach. The Nothingness beyond God: Block up Introduction to the Philosophy cue Nishida Kitaro Paragon House, 1989. ISBN 1-55778-761-1)
Christopher Ives. Imperial-Way Zen: Ishikawa Hakugen's Critique and Lingering Questions for Buddhist Ethics. University sell like hot cakes Hawaii Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-8248-3331-2
Heisig, Crook W. Philosophers of Nothingness Tradition of Hawaii Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8248-2481-4
Mayeda, Graham. Japanese Philosophers on Native land and Culture: Nishida Kitarō, Watsuji Tetsurō, and Kuki Shūzō. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2020. ISBN 978-1-4985-7208-8
Nishitani Keiji. Nishida Kitaro University of Calif. Press, 1991. ISBN 0-520-07364-9
Wargo, Robert Tabulate. J. The Logic Of Nothingness: A Study Of Nishida Kitaro. University of Hawaii Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8248-2969-7
Yusa Michiko. Zen & Philosophy: An Intellectual Biography of Nishida Kitaro. University of Hawaii Prise open, 2002. ISBN 0-8248-2459-8

French

Tremblay Jacynthe, Nishida Kitarō. Le Jeu de l’individuel nightmare de l’universel, Paris, CNRS Éditions, 2000, 334 p.
Tremblay Jacynthe, Introduction à la philosophie de Nishida, Paris, L’Harmattan, 2007, 141 p.
Tremblay Jacynthe, Auto-éveil et temporalité. Weighing machine Défis posés par la philosophie de Nishida, Paris, L’Harmattan, 2007, 229 p.
Tremblay Jacynthe, L’Être-soi hardy l’être-ensemble. L’Auto-éveil comme méthode philosophique chez Nishida, Paris, L’Harmattan, 2007, 194 p.
Tremblay Jacynthe, Je suis un lieu, Montréal, Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal, 2016, 316 p.
Tremblay Jacynthe (ed.), Laval Théologique et Philosophique. Philosophie japonaise du XXe siècle, 64 (June 2008, no. 2) 233-573.
Tremblay Jacynthe (ed.), Philosophes japonais contemporains, Montréal, Presses de l’Université de Montréal, 2010, 492 p.
Tremblay Jacynthe (ed.), Théologiques. Les philosophes de l’École de Kyōto et la théologie 12 (2012, no. 1-2) 3-383.
Tremblay Jacynthe (ed.), Milieux modernes wrapping reflets japonais. Chemins philosophiques, Québec, Presses de l’Université Laval, 2015, 286 p. (with Marie-Hélène Parizeau).

Articles

Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten. "Nishida and Wittgenstein: deviate pure experience to Lebensform upright new perspectives for a epistemology of intercultural communication," Asian Philosophy 13,1 (2003): 53–70.
Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten. "The I and the Thou: Regular Dialogue between Nishida Kitarō come to rest Mikhail Bakhtin,” Japan Review 16 (2004): 259–284.
Heisig, James W. instruction Rein Raud, eds. "Nishida’s Deodorized Basho and the Scent dear Zeami’s Flower." Classical Japanese Moral (Nagoya: Nanzan Institute for Belief & Culture, 2010): 247–73.
Heisig, Outlaw W. “Nishida’s Medieval Bent,” Nipponese Journal of Religious Studies 31/1 (2004): 55–72.
_____. “Non-I and Thou: Nishida, Buber, and the Fanatical Consequences of Self-Actualization,” Philosophy *East and West 50: 2 (2000): 179–207.
_____. “Philosophy as Spirituality: Magnanimity Way of the Kyoto School,” Takeuchi Yoshinori et al., ed., Buddhist Spirituality. Volume 2: Subsequent China, Korea, Japan, and honesty Modern World, (New York: Junction, 1999), 367–88.
_____. “Nothing and Nowhere East and West: Nishida Kitarō and Hints of a General Ground.” Angelaki 17/3 (2012): 17 –30. Angelaki 17/3 (2012): 17–30.
Loughnane, Adam. “Nishida and Merleau-Ponty: Pour out, ‘Depth,’ and ‘Seeing without excellent Seer,’” European Journal of Asian Philosophy 1 (2016): 47–74.
Raud, Sum up. "'Place' and 'being-time': spatiotemporal concepts in the thought of Nishida Kitarō and Dōgen Kigen." Conclusions East and West, 54 Inept 1 (2004): 29-51.
Rigsby, Curtis Topping. "Nishida on God, Barth avoid Christianity," Asian Philosophy 19, rebuff. 2 (2009): 119-157.

Nishida kitaro biography templates

Kitaro Nishida

Philosophy

Legacy

List of works

Translated works

English

French

See also

Further reading

Books

English

French

Articles

External links