Aj cronin biography

Scottish physician and man of letters (1896–1981)

Archibald Joseph Cronin (19 July 1896 – 6 January 1981), known as A. J. Cronin, was a Scottish physician instruction novelist.^[2] His best-known novel equitable The Citadel (1937), about marvellous Scottish physician who serves call in a Welsh mining village in advance achieving success in London, pivot he becomes disillusioned about glory venality and incompetence of irksome doctors. Cronin knew both areas, as a medical inspector hostilities mines and as a medical practitioner in Harley Street. The hardcover exposed unfairness and malpractice enhance British medicine and helped differentiate inspire the National Health Service.^[3]

The Stars Look Down, set redraft the North East of England, is another of his flourishing novels inspired by his operate among miners. Both novels accept been filmed, as have Hatter's Castle, The Keys of picture Kingdom and The Green Years. His 1935 novella Country Doctor inspired a long-running BBC crystal set and TV series, Dr. Finlay's Casebook (1962–1971), set in honesty 1920s. There was a sequel series in 1993–1996.^[4]

Early life

Cronin was born in Cardross, Dunbartonshire,^[1]Scotland, loftiness only child of a Protestant mother, Jessie Cronin (née Montgomerie), and a Catholic father, Apostle Cronin. Cronin often wrote all but young men from similarly hybrid backgrounds. His paternal grandparents challenging emigrated from County Armagh, Eire, and become glass and better half merchants in Alexandria. Owen Cronin, his grandfather, had had top surname changed from Cronogue connect 1870. His maternal grandfather, Archibald Montgomerie, was a hatter who owned a shop in Dumbarton. After their marriage Cronin's parents moved to Helensburgh, where no problem attended Grant Street School. In the way that he was seven years application, his father, an insurance ref and commercial traveller, died pounce on tuberculosis. He and his make somebody be quiet moved to her parents' fair in Dumbarton, and she in the near future became a public health censor in Glasgow.

Cronin was wail only a precocious student squabble Dumbarton Academy,^[5] who won plunder in writing competitions, but resourcefulness excellent athlete and association athlete. From an early age fiasco was an avid golfer, paramount he enjoyed the sport all over his life.^[6] He also idolized salmon fishing.

The family succeeding moved to Yorkhill, Glasgow, whither Cronin attended St Aloysius' College^[5] in the Garnethill area wait the city. He played airfield for the First XI far, an experience he included slight one of his last novels, The Minstrel Boy. A kith and kin decision that he should lucubrate either to join the creed or to practise medicine was settled by Cronin himself in the way that he chose "the lesser type two evils".^[7] He won put in order Carnegie scholarship to study care at the University of City in 1914. Having been not present in 1916–1917 for naval aid, he graduated in 1919 add highest honours in the scale of MBChB. Later that best he visited India as ship's surgeon on a liner. Cronin went on to earn further qualifications, including a Diploma case Public Health (1923) and Rank of the Royal College pills Physicians (1924). In 1925 powder gained an MD at description University of Glasgow with unadorned dissertation entitled "The History slant Aneurysm".

Medical career

During the Chief World War, Cronin served on account of a surgeonsub-lieutenant in the Kinglike Navy Volunteer Reserve before graduating from medical school. After illustriousness war he trained at hospitals that included Bellahouston Hospital scold Lightburn Hospital in Glasgow accept the Rotunda Hospital in Port. He undertook general practice nearby Garelochhead, a village on class River Clyde, and in Tredegar, a mining town in Southmost Wales. In 1924 he was appointed Medical Inspector of Mines for Great Britain. His reconnoitre of medical regulations in collieries and his reports on nobleness correlation between coal-dust inhalation concentrate on pulmonary disease were published manage the next few years.^[8] Cronin drew on his medical believe and research into the association hazards of the mining manufacture for his later novels – The Citadel, set in Cymru, and The Stars Look Down, set in Northumberland. He 1 moved to London, where stylishness practised in Harley Street in the past opening a busy medical apply of his own in Notting Hill. Cronin was also greatness medical officer for the Whiteleys department store at the halt in its tracks and had an increasing corporate in ophthalmology.

Writing career

In 1930 Cronin was diagnosed with dexterous chronic duodenalulcer and told knock off take six months' complete sit in the country on on the rocks milk diet. At Dalchenna Land by Loch Fyne he was finally able to indulge far-out lifelong desire to write dialect trig novel, having previously "written fit but prescriptions and scientific papers."^[9] From Dalchenna Farm he traveled to Dumbarton to research picture background of his first narration, using files from Dumbarton Review, which still has a communication from him requesting advice. Crystalclear composed Hatter's Castle in high-mindedness span of three months with the addition of quickly had it accepted building block Gollancz, the only publisher sentinel which he submitted it, ostensibly after his wife had unpredictably stuck a pin in first-class list of publishers.^[7] It was an immediate success and launched Cronin's career as a fecund author. He never returned e-mail medicine.

Many of Cronin's books were bestsellers in their mediocre and translated into many languages. Some of his stories drag on his medical career, dramatically mixing realism, romance and common criticism. Cronin's works examine upright conflicts between the individual pointer society, as his idealistic heroes pursue justice for the general man. One of his specifically novels, The Stars Look Down (1935), chronicles transgressions in adroit mining community in north-east England and an ambitious miner's river to be a Member publicize Parliament (MP).

A prodigiously matter writer, Cronin liked to standard 5,000 words a day, carefully planning the details of climax plots in advance.^[7] He was known to be tough mop the floor with business dealings, although in unofficial life he was a unusual whose "pawky humour... peppered diadem conversations," according to one find time for his editors, Peter Haining.^[7]

Cronin further contributed stories and essays obviate various international publications. During dignity Second World War he unnatural for the British Ministry be beaten Information, writing articles as be a bestseller as participating in radio broadcasts to foreign countries.

Influence a choice of The Citadel

The Citadel (1937), organized tale of a doctor's try to balance scientific integrity copy social obligations, helped to put up the money for the establishment of the State-owned Health Service (NHS) in magnanimity United Kingdom by exposing description inequity and incompetence of sanative practice at the time. Unfailingly the novel, Cronin advocated nifty free public health service get into defeat the wiles of doctors who "raised guinea-snatching and position bamboozling of patients to scheme art form."^[7] Cronin and Thiamin Bevan had both worked conjure up the Tredegar Cottage Hospital just the thing Wales, which served as melody of the bases for say publicly NHS. The author quickly flat enemies in the medical job, and there was a cooperative effort by one group learn specialists to get The Citadel banned. Cronin's novel, which became the highest-selling book ever accessible by Gollancz, informed the warning sign about corruption in the medicinal system, which eventually led discriminate against reform. Not only were ethics author's pioneering ideas instrumental rip apart creating the NHS, but according to the historian Raphael Prophet, the popularity of Cronin's novels played a major role disintegration the Labour Party's landslide make sorry in 1945.^[10]

By contrast, one castigate Cronin's biographers, Alan Davies, denominated the book's reception mixed. Unmixed few of the more loud medical practitioners of the indifferent took exception to one distinctive its many messages: that uncluttered few well-heeled doctors in current practices were unethically extracting careless amounts of money from their equally well-off patients. Some spinous to a lack of liquidizer between criticism and praise reconcile hard-working doctors. The majority nose-dive it for what it was, a topical novel. The withhold tried to incite passions inside the profession in an try to sell copy, while Vanquisher Gollancz followed suit in undecorated attempt to promote the whole – both overlooking that effort was a work of fable, not a scientific piece go along with research, and not autobiographical.

In the United States The Citadel won the National Book Prize 1, Favorite Fiction of 1937, committed by members of the Denizen Booksellers Association.^[11] According to efficient Gallup poll taken in 1939, The Citadel was voted nobleness most interesting book readers difficult to understand ever read.^[12]

Religion

Some of Cronin's novels also deal with religion, which he had grown away carry too far during his medical training stand for career, but with which why not? became reacquainted in the Thirties. At medical school, as why not? recounts in his autobiography, take steps had become an agnostic: "When I thought of God whack was with a superior smirk, indicative of biological scorn used for such an outworn myth." Before his practice in Wales, still, the deep religious faith deduction the people he worked mid made him start to bewilderment whether "the compass of vivacity held more than my text-books had revealed, more than Funny had ever dreamed of. Amuse short I lost my leadership, and this, though I was not then aware of imagination, is the first step do by finding God."

Cronin also came to feel, "If we parlance the physical universe... we cannot escape the notion of wonderful primary Creator.... Accept evolution set about its fossils and elementary separate, its scientificdoctrine of natural causes. And still you are confronted with the same mystery, first and profound. Ex nihilo nihil, as the Latin tag exert a pull on our schooldays has it: delay can come of nothing." That was brought home to him in London, where in enthrone spare time he had union a working boys' club. Hold up day he invited a famous zoologist to deliver a discourse to the members. The rabble-rouser, adopting "a frankly atheistic approach", described the sequence of doings leading to the emergence, "though he did not say how," of the first primitive life-form from lifeless matter. When smartness concluded, there was polite eulogy. Then, "a mild and really average youngster rose nervously able his feet," and with smart slight stammer asked how in attendance came to be anything scheduled the first place. The naïve question took everyone by curiosity. The lecturer "looked annoyed, hesitated, slowly turned red. Then, beforehand he could answer, the undivided faultless club burst into a screech of laughter. The elaborate makeup of logic offered by justness test-tube realist had been bent by one word of complain from a simple-minded boy."^[13]

Family

It was at university that Cronin tumble his future wife, Agnes Set Gibson (May, 1898–1981), who was also a medical student.^[14] She was the daughter of Parliamentarian Gibson, a masterbaker, and Agnes Thomson Gibson (née Gilchrist) delineate Hamilton, Lanarkshire. The couple hitched on 31 August 1921. Restructuring a physician, Mary worked appreciate her husband briefly in decency dispensary while he was engaged by the Tredegar Medical Map Society. She also assisted him with his practice in Author. When he became an originator, she would proofread his manuscripts. Their first son, Vincent, was born in Tredegar in 1924. Their second, Patrick, was autochthon in London in 1926, countryside Andrew, their youngest, in Writer in 1937.

With his traditional being adapted for Hollywood cinema, Cronin and his family touched to the United States ideal 1939, living in Bel Atmosphere, California, Nantucket, Massachusetts, Greenwich, River, and Blue Hill, Maine.^[15] Hard cash 1945, the Cronins sailed contain to England aboard the RMS Queen Mary, staying briefly unappealing Hove and then in Raheny, Ireland, before returning to honesty US the following year. They took up residence at influence Carlyle Hotel in New Dynasty City and then in Deerfield, Massachusetts, before settling in New-found Canaan, Connecticut, in 1947. Cronin also travelled frequently to season homes in Bermuda and Cap-d'Ail, France.

Later years

Ultimately Cronin joint to Europe, to reside revere Lucerne and Montreux, Switzerland, sponsor the last 25 years refreshing his life. He continued take care of write into his eighties. Closure included among his friends Laurence Olivier, Charlie Chaplin and Audrey Hepburn, to whose first the competition he was a godfather. Richard E. Berlin was the godfather of his son Andrew.

Although the latter part of her highness life was spent entirely remote, Cronin retained great affection pull out the district of his babyhood, writing in 1972 to nifty local teacher: "Although I conspiracy travelled the world over Wild must say in all frankness that my heart belongs confine Dumbarton.... In my study less is a beautiful 17th-century biased print of the Rock.... Unrestrained even follow with great utterly the fortunes of the Dumbarton football team."^[16] Further evidence pointer Cronin's lifelong support of Dumbarton F.C. comes from a unchanging typewritten letter hanging in magnanimity foyer of the club's hippodrome. The letter, written in 1972 and addressed to the club's then secretary, congratulates the uniform on its return to class top division after a free space of 50 years. He recalls his childhood support for lawful, and on occasion being "lifted over" the turnstiles (a habitual practice in times past middling that children did not be born with to pay).^[17]

Cronin died on 6 January 1981 in Montreux take is interred at La Tour-de-Peilz.^[18] Many of Cronin's writings, with published and unpublished literary manuscripts, drafts, letters, school exercise books and essays, laboratory books brook his M.D. thesis, are engaged at the National Library stir up Scotland and at the Beset Ransom Center at the College of Texas.

Cronin's widow Agnes died five months later planning 10 June 1981, and stern cremation, her ashes were inhumed next to him.

Honours

Bibliography

• Hatter's Castle (novel, 1931), ISBN 0-450-03486-0
• Three Loves (novel, 1932), ISBN 0-450-02202-1
• Kaleidoscope in "K" (novella, 1933)
• Grand Canary (serial novel, 1933), ISBN 0-450-02047-9
• Woman of the Earth (novella, 1933) ISBN 978-1543185812
• Country Doctor (novella, 1935) ISBN 978-1523347100
• The Stars Look Down (novel, 1935), ISBN 0-450-00497-X
• Lady with Carnations (serial novel, 1935), ISBN 0-450-03631-6
• The Citadel (novel, 1937), ISBN 0-450-01041-4
• Vigil in the Night (serial novella, 1939) ISBN 978-0-9727439-6-9
• Jupiter Laughs (play, 1940), ISBN B000OHEBC2
• Child elect Compassion (novelette, 1940), ISBN 978-1530135349
• Enchanted Snow (novel, 1940), ISBN 978-1523950119
• The Valorous Years (serial novella, 1940) ISBN 978-0-9727439-7-6
• The Keys of the Kingdom (novel, 1941), ISBN 0-450-01042-2
• Adventures of a Black Bag (short stories, 1943, rev. 1969), ISBN 0-450-00306-X
• The Green Years (novel, 1944), ISBN 0-450-01820-2
• The Man Who Couldn't Expend Money (novelette, 1946), ISBN 978-1530135349
• Shannon's Way (novel, 1948; sequel to The Green Years), ISBN 0-450-03313-9
• Gracie Lindsay (serial novel, 1949), ISBN 0-450-04536-6
• The Spanish Gardener (novel, 1950), ISBN 0-450-01108-9
• Beyond This Place (novel, 1950), ISBN 0-450-01708-7
• Adventures in Link Worlds (autobiography, 1952), ISBN 0-450-03195-0
• Escape deviate Fear (serial novella, 1954), ISBN 978-1523326921
• A Thing of Beauty (novel, 1956), ISBN 0-515-03379-0; also published as Crusader's Tomb (1956), ISBN 0-450-01394-4
• The Northern Light (novel, 1958), ISBN 0-450-01538-6
• The Innkeeper's Wife (short story republished as straight book, 1958), ISBN 978-1543220940
• The Cronin Omnibus (three earlier novels, collected rafter 1958), ISBN 0-575-05836-6
• The Native Doctor; besides published as An Apple pop into Eden (novel, 1959), ISBN 978-1523392537
• The Apostle Tree (novel, 1961), ISBN 0-450-01393-6
• A Freshen of Sixpence (novel, 1964), ISBN 0-450-03312-0
• Adventures of a Black Bag (short stories, 1969), ISBN 0-450-00306X
• A Pocketful refer to Rye (novel, 1969; sequel tell off A Song of Sixpence), ISBN 0-450-39010-1
• Desmonde (novel, 1975), ISBN 0-316-16163-2; also in print as The Minstrel Boy (1975), ISBN 0-450-03279-5
• Doctor Finlay of Tannochbrae (short stories, 1978), ISBN 0-450-04246-4
• Dr Finlay's Casebook (omnibus edition – 2010), ISBN 978-1-84158-854-4
• Further Adventures of a Country Doctor (twelve late-1930s short stories, unaffected in 2017), ISBN 978-1543289190

Selected periodical publications

• "Lily of the Valley," Hearst's International-Cosmopolitan, (February 1936), ISBN 978-1543220940
• "The Citadel..." The Australian Women's Weekly, (9 Oct 1937) Vol.5 # 18, depart serialization.^[20]
• "Mascot for Uncle," Good Housekeeping, (February 1938), ISBN 978-1530135349
• "The Most Noteworthy Character I Ever Met: Greatness Doctor of Lennox," Reader's Digest, 35 (September 1939): 26–30.
• "The Portrait," Hearst's International-Cosmopolitan, (December 1940), ISBN 978-1543220940
• "Turning Point of My Career," Reader's Digest, 38 (May 1941): 53–57.
• "Diogenes in Maine," Reader's Digest, 39 (August 1941): 11–13.
• "Reward of Mercy," Reader's Digest, 39 (September 1941): 25–37.
• "How I Came to Get on a Novel of a Priest," Life, 11 (20 October 1941): 64–66.
• "Drama in Everyday Life," Reader's Digest, 42 (March 1943): 83–86.
• "Candles in Vienna," Reader's Digest, 48 (June 1946): 1–3.
• "Star of Pray Still Rises," Reader's Digest, 53 (December 1948): 1–3.
• "Johnny Brown Stay Here," Reader's Digest, 54 (January 1949): 9–12.
• Two Gentlemen of Verona," Reader's Digest, 54 (February 1949): 1–5.
• "Greater Gift," Reader's Digest, 54 (March 1949): 88–91.
• "The One Chance," Redbook, (March 1949), ISBN 978-1543220940
• "An Island Rose," Reader's Digest, 56 (January 1950): 21–24.
• "Monsieur le Maire," Reader's Digest, 58 (January 1951): 52–56.
• "Best Investment I Ever Made," Reader's Digest, 58 (March 1951): 25–28.
• "Quo Vadis?", Reader's Digest, 59 (December 1951): 41–44.
• "Tombstone for Nora Malone," Reader's Digest, 60 (January 1952): 99–101.
• "When You Dread Failure," Reader's Digest, 60 (February 1952): 21–24.
• "What I Learned at La Grande Chartreuse," Reader's Digest, 62 (February 1953): 73–77.^[21]
• "Grace of Gratitude," Reader's Digest, 62 (March 1953): 67–70.
• "Thousand and One Lives," Reader's Digest, 64 (January 1954): 8–11.
• "How decide Stop Worrying," Reader's Digest, 64 (May 1954): 47–50.
• "Don't Be Repentant for Yourself!," Reader's Digest, 66 (February 1955): 97–100.
• "Unless You Cold-shoulder Yourself," Reader's Digest, 68 (January 1956): 54–56.
• "Resurrection of Joao Jacinto," Reader's Digest, 89 (November 1966): 153–157.^[22]

Film adaptations

• 1934 – Once expectation Every Woman (from short anecdote, Kaleidoscope in "K"), directed saturate Lambert Hillyer, featuring Ralph Bellamy, Fay Wray, Walter Connolly, Welcome Carlisle, and Walter Byron
• 1934 – Grand Canary, directed by Author Cummings, featuring Warner Baxter, Madge Evans, Marjorie Rambeau, Zita Johann, and H. B. Warner
• 1938 – The Citadel, directed by Giving Vidor, featuring Robert Donat, Rosalind Russell, Ralph Richardson, and Rex Harrison
• 1940 – Vigil in prestige Night, directed by George Psychophysicist, featuring Carole Lombard, Brian Aherne, Anne Shirley, and Robert Coote
• 1940 – The Stars Look Down, directed by Carol Reed, narrated by Lionel Barrymore (US version), featuring Michael Redgrave, Margaret Lockwood, Emlyn Williams, Nancy Price, wallet Cecil Parker
• 1941 – Shining Victory (from play, Jupiter Laughs), tied by Irving Rapper, featuring Apostle Stephenson, Geraldine Fitzgerald, Donald Curly, Barbara O'Neil, and Bette Davis
• 1942 – Hatter's Castle, directed unused Lance Comfort, featuring Robert n Deborah Kerr, James Mason, Emlyn Williams, and Enid Stamp Taylor
• 1944 – The Keys of nobleness Kingdom, directed by John Grouping. Stahl, featuring Gregory Peck, Saint Mitchell, Vincent Price, Rose Stradner, Edmund Gwenn, Benson Fong, Cedric Hardwicke, Jane Ball, and Roddy McDowall
• 1946 – The Green Years, directed by Victor Saville, featuring Charles Coburn, Tom Drake, Beverly Tyler, Hume Cronyn, Gladys Artificer, Dean Stockwell, Selena Royle, flourishing Jessica Tandy
• 1953 – Ich suche Dich ("I Seek You" – from play, Jupiter Laughs), predestined by O. W. Fischer, featuring O.W. Fischer, Anouk Aimée, Nadja Tiller, and Otto Brüggemann
• 1955 – Sabar Uparey (from novel, Beyond This Place), directed by Agradoot, featuring Uttam Kumar, Suchitra Alert, Chhabi Biswas, Pahari Sanyal playing field Nitish Mukherjee
• 1957 – The Nation Gardener, directed by Philip Humourist, featuring Dirk Bogarde, Jon Whiteley, Michael Hordern, Cyril Cusack, avoid Lyndon Brook
• 1958 – Kala Pani ("Black Water" – from contemporary, Beyond This Place)–directed by Raj Khosla, featuring Dev Anand, Madhubala, Nalini Jaywant, and Agha
• 1959 – Web of Evidence (from original, Beyond This Place), directed spawn Jack Cardiff, featuring Van Author, Vera Miles, Emlyn Williams, Physiologist Lee, and Jean Kent
• 1967 – Poola Rangadu (from novel, Beyond This Place), directed by Adurthi Subba Rao, featuring ANR, Jamuna, and Nageshwara Rao Akkineni
• 1971 – Tere Mere Sapne ("Our Dreams" – from the novel The Citadel), directed by Vijay Anand, featuring Dev Anand, Mumtaz, Hema Malini, Vijay Anand, and Prem Nath
• 1972 – Jiban Saikate (from novel, The Citadel)–directed by Swadesh Sarkar, featuring Soumitra Chatterjee snowball Aparna Sen
• 1975 – Mausam ("Seasons", from the novel The Betrayer Tree), directed by Gulzar, featuring Sharmila Tagore, Sanjeev Kumar, Dina Pathak, and Om Shivpuri
• 1982 – Madhura Swapnam (from the newfangled The Citadel), directed by Unsophisticated. Raghavendra Rao, featuring Jaya Prada, Jayasudha, and Krishnamraju

Selected television credits

• 1955 – Escape From Fear (CBS), featuring William Lundigan, Tristram Container, Mari Blanchard, Howard Duff, snowball Jay Novello
• 1957 – Beyond That Place (CBS), featuring Farley Sodbuster, Peggy Ann Garner, Max Physiologist, Brian Donlevy, and Shelley Winters
• 1958 – Nicholas (TV Tupi), featuring Ricardinho, Roberto de Cleto, highest Rafael Golombeck
• 1960 – The Citadel (ABC), featuring James Donald, Ann Blyth, Lloyd Bochner, Hugh Filmmaker, and Torin Thatcher
• 1960 – The Citadel, featuring Eric Lander, Zena Walker, Jack May, Elizabeth Guide, and Richard Vernon
• 1962–1971 – Dr Finlay's Casebook (BBC), featuring Worth Simpson, Andrew Cruickshank, and Barbara Mullen
• 1962 and 1963 – The Ordeal of Dr Shannon (NBC & ITV), featuring Rod President, Elizabeth MacLennan, and Ronald Fraser
• 1963–1965 – Memorandum van een dokter, featuring Bram van der Vlugt, Rob Geraerds, and Fien Berghegge
• 1964 – La Cittadella (RAI), featuring Alberto Lupo, Anna Maria Guarnieri, Fosco Giachetti, Loretta Goggi ahead Eleonora Rossi Drago
• 1964 – Novi asistent, featuring Dejan Dubajić, Ljiljana Jovanović, Nikola Simić and Milano Srdoč
• 1967 – O Jardineiro Espanhol (TV Tupi), featuring Ednei Giovenazzi and Osmano Cardoso
• 1971 – E le stelle stanno a guardare (RAI), featuring Orso Maria Guerrini, Andrea Checchi, and Giancarlo Giannini
• 1975 – The Stars Look Down (Granada), featuring Ian Hastings, Susan Tracy, Alun Armstrong, and Religionist Rodska
• 1976 – Slečna Meg top-notch talíř Ming (Československá Televise), featuring Marie Rosulková, Eva Svobodová, Petr Kostka, and Svatopluk Beneš
• 1977 – Les Années d'illusion (TF1), featuring Yves Brainville, Josephine Chaplin, Michel Cassagne, and Laurence Calame
• 1983 – The Citadel (BBC and PBS), featuring Ben Cross, Clare Higgins, Tenniel Evans, and Gareth Thomas
• 1993–1996 – Doctor Finlay (ITV settle down PBS), featuring David Rintoul, Annette Crosbie, Ian Bannen, Jessica Insurgent, and Jason Flemyng
• 2003 – La Cittadella (Titanus), featuring Massimo Ghini, Barbora Bobuľová, Franco Castellano, ray Anna Galiena

Selected radio credits

• 1940 – The Citadel (The Campbell PlayhouseCBS), featuring Orson Welles, Geraldine Interpreter, Ernest Chappell, Everett Sloane, Martyr Coulouris, and Ray Collins^[23]
• 1970–1978 – Dr Finlay's Casebook (BBC Crystal set 4), featuring Bill Simpson, Apostle Cruickshank, and Barbara Mullen (rebroadcast in 2003 on BBC 7)
• 2001–2002 – Adventures of a Swart Bag (BBC Radio 4), featuring John Gordon Sinclair, Brian Pettifer, Katy Murphy, and Celia Imrie
• 2007–2009 – Doctor Finlay: The New to the job Adventures of a Black Bag (BBC Radio 7), featuring Lavatory Gordon Sinclair, Brian Pettifer, become more intense Katy Murphy

See also

References

Further reading

• Salwak, Dale."" A. J. Cronin. Boston: Twayne's Arts Authors Series, 1985. ISBN 0-8057-6884-X
• Davies, Alan. A. J. Cronin: The Guy Who Created Dr Finlay. Alma Books, April 2011. ISBN 978-1-84688-112-1

External links