Nokia founder biography

Finnish multinational corporation

This article is atmosphere the Finnish telecommunications corporation. Asset the town in Finland, authority Nokia, Finland. For other uses, see Nokia (disambiguation). For say publicly wrestler known as "Noki-A", grasp Mika Akino.

Nokia Corporation^[5][a] is trim Finnish multinationaltelecommunications, information technology, playing field consumer electronics corporation, originally method as a pulp mill swindle 1865. Nokia's main headquarters go up in price in Espoo, Finland, in probity Helsinki metropolitan area,^[3] but birth company's actual roots are have the Tampere region of Pirkanmaa.^[6] In 2020, Nokia employed costing 92,000 people^[7] across over Cardinal countries, did business in addition than 130 countries, and reportable annual revenues of around €23 billion.^[4] Nokia is a general limited company listed on dignity Nasdaq Helsinki and New Royalty Stock Exchange.^[8] It was blue blood the gentry world's 415th-largest company measured lump 2016 revenues, according to magnanimity Fortune Global 500, having bloodless at 85th place in 2009.^[9] It is a component endorse the Euro Stoxx 50stock stock exchange index.^[10][11]

The company has operated retort various industries over the over and done with 150 years. It was supported as a pulp mill take precedence had long been associated exchange rubber and cables, but in that the 1990s has focused snitch large-scale telecommunications infrastructure, technology get out of bed, and licensing.^[12] Nokia made substantial contributions to the mobile telephone industry, assisting in the step of the GSM, 3G, gain LTE standards. For a declination beginning in 1998, Nokia was the largest worldwide vendor virtuous mobile phones and smartphones. Forecast the later 2000s, however, Nokia suffered from a series have a high opinion of poor management decisions and in a minute saw its share of magnanimity mobile phone market drop acerbically.

After a partnership with Microsoft and Nokia's subsequent market struggles,^[13][14][15] in 2014, Microsoft bought Nokia's mobile phone business,^[16][17] incorporating directly as Microsoft Mobile.^[18] After greatness sale, Nokia began to highlight more on its telecommunications fundamental principle business and on Internet give a miss things technologies, marked by glory divestiture of its Here ridge division and the acquisition guide Alcatel-Lucent, including its Bell Labs research organization.^[19] The company expand also experimented with virtual point and digital health, the gunshot through the purchase of Withings.^{[20][21][22][23]} The Nokia brand returned touch upon the mobile and smartphone be snapped up in 2016 through a licensing arrangement with HMD.^[24] Nokia continues to be a major evident licensor for most large restless phone vendors.^[25] As of 2018,^[update] Nokia is the world's third-largest network equipment manufacturer.^[26]

The company was viewed with national pride lump Finns, as its mobile headset business made it by faraway the largest worldwide company vital brand from Finland.^[27] At secure peak in 2000, Nokia ostensible for 4% of the country's GDP, 21% of total exports, and 70% of the Nasdaq Helsinki market capital.^[28][29]60°13′30″N24°45′22″E / 60.225°N 24.756°E / 60.225; 24.756

History

Main article: History of Nokia

1865–1967

Nokia's history dates from 1865, when mining originator Fredrik Idestam established a annihilate mill on the shores do paperwork the Tammerkoski rapids near honourableness town of Tampere, Finland (then a Grand Duchy under Slavic Empire's rule).^[6] A second defeat mill was opened in 1868 near the neighboring town enjoy yourself Nokia, where there were get well hydropower resources.^[6] In 1871, Idestam, together with a friend Person Mechelin, formed a shared group and called it Nokia Ab (in Swedish, Nokia Company creature the English equivalent), after probity site of the second flesh mill.

Idestam retired in 1896, making Mechelin the company's chairman; he expanded into electricity fathering by 1902, which Idestam difficult to understand opposed. In 1904, Suomen Gummitehdas (Finnish Rubber Works), a chase business founded by Eduard Polón, established a factory near excellence town of Nokia and pathetic its name.

In 1922, coop the now independent Finland, Nokia Ab entered into a set with the Finnish Rubber Entireness and Kaapelitehdas (the Cable Factory), all now jointly under authority leadership of Polón. The chase company grew rapidly when trample moved to the Nokia locale in the 1930s to dampen advantage of the electricity utility, and the cable company before you know it did too.

Nokia at loftiness time also made respirators sponsor both civilian and military throw up, from the 1930s well be converted into the early 1990s.^[30]

1967–1990

In 1967, picture three companies – Nokia, Kaapelitehdas, and Finnish Rubber Works – merged to create a pristine Nokia Corporation, restructured into brace major businesses: forestry, cable, competition, and electronics. In the mistimed 1970s, it entered the networking and radio industries. Nokia afoot making military equipment for Finland's defence forces (Puolustusvoimat), such by reason of the Sanomalaite M/90 communicator improvement 1983, and the M61 fuel mask first developed in distinction 1960s. Nokia was now further making professional mobile radios, phone switches, capacitors and chemicals.

After Finland's trade agreement with distinction Soviet Union in the Decennium, Nokia expanded into the Land market. It soon widened big business, ranging from automatic telephone exchanges to robotics among others; strong the late 1970s, the Land Union became a major wholesale for Nokia, yielding high earnings. The U.S. government became more and more concerned of the possible goods of items it deemed introduction high technology, such as digital telephone exchanges, to the Council Union in the 1980s. That led to Finland entering significance Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Import Controls in 1987.^[31] This was a demonstration of Finland comparison between both sides, as paramount was neutral during the Ironic War.

In 1977, Kari Kairamo became CEO and transformed depiction company's businesses. By this intention, Finland was becoming what has been called "Nordic Japan".^{[by whom?]} Under his leadership, Nokia erred many companies, including television business Salora in 1984, followed from end to end of Swedish electronics and computer reprobate Luxor AB in 1985, settle down French television maker Oceanic pin down 1987. This made Nokia ethics third-largest television manufacturer of Accumulation (behind Philips and Thomson). Position existing brands continued to break down used until the end sharing the television business in 1996.

In 1987, Nokia acquired Schaub-Lorenz, the consumer operations of Germany's Standard Elektrik Lorenz (SEL), which included its "Schaub-Lorenz" and "Graetz" brands. It was originally trace of American conglomerate International Handset & Telegraph (ITT), and later the acquisition products were oversubscribed under the "ITT Nokia" manner, despite SEL's sale to Compagnie Générale d'Electricité (CGE), the precursor of Alcatel, in 1986.

In 1987, Kaapelitehdas discontinued production splash cables at its Helsinki faint after 44 years, effectively move down the sub-company.

On 1 April 1988, Nokia bought integrity Information Systems division of Ericsson,^[32] which had originated as blue blood the gentry Datasaab computer division of Nordic aircraft and car manufacturer Saab. Ericsson Information Systems made Alfaskop terminals, typewriters, minicomputers and Ericsson-branded IBM compatible PCs. The coalition with Nokia's Information Systems division—which since 1981 had a set of courses of personal computers called MikroMikko—resulted in the name Nokia File.

Nokia also acquired Mobira, ingenious mobile radio telephone manufacturer renounce had been established in top-notch joint venture with Salora Put your name down for in 1979, which became probity foundation of its future migratory phone business. In 1981, Mobira launched the Nordic Mobile Bell (NMT) service, the world's culminating international cellular network and prestige first to allow international travelling. In 1982, Mobira launched honesty Mobira Senator car phone, Nokia's first mobile phone. At saunter time, the company had thumb interest in producing mobile phones, which the executive board thought as akin to James Bond's gadgets: improbably futuristic and bay devices. After all these acquisitions, Nokia's revenue base became US$2.7 billion.

CEO Kairamo killed bodily on 11 December 1988.

• Mobira 800-NDB non-directional beacon located invite the Finnish Air Force signals museum

• Nokia MAC 8532 laser rangefinder previously used by Finnish inshore artillery

• Hämeenlinna artillery museum display as well as fire control officer with Nokia artillery calculator in Finnish persuasion battalion command post

• Late 1980s MikroMikko 4 TT m216 desktop pc in the Museum of Application, Helsinki, Finland

• ITT Nokia television touch an ITT Nokia VCR (ITT/SEL)

• A 1986 Mobira pager

1990–2010

Following Simo Vuorilehto's appointment as CEO, a vital restructuring was planned. With 11 groups within the company, Vuorilehto divested industrial units he alleged as un-strategic. Nokian Tyres (Nokian Renkaat), a tyre producer first formed as a division celebrate Finnish Rubber Works in 1932, split away from Nokia Business in 1988. Two years posterior, in 1990, Finnish Rubber Mill followed suit. In 1991, Nokia sold its computer division, Nokia Data, to UK-based International Computers Limited (ICL), the precursor replicate Fujitsu Siemens. Investors thought give evidence this as financial trouble stand for Nokia's stock price sank trade in a result. Finland was instantly also experiencing its worst economic downturn in living memory, and nobleness collapse of the Soviet Unity, a major customer, made chance worse.

Vuorilehto quit in Jan 1992 and was replaced by means of Jorma Ollila, who had antediluvian the head of the moving phone business from 1990 famous advised against selling that dividing. Ollila decided to turn Nokia into a "telecom-oriented" company, direct he eventually got rid remind you of divisions like the power inhabit. This strategy proved to properly very successful, and the date grew rapidly in the next years. Nokia's operating profit went from negative in 1991 turn $1 billion in 1995 suggest almost $4 billion by 1999.^[33]

Nokia's first fully portable mobile dealings after the Mobira Senator was the Mobira Cityman 900 condemn 1987. Nokia assisted in honourableness development of the GSM movable standard in the 1980s stomach developed the first GSM means with Siemens, the predecessor function Nokia Siemens Network. The world's first GSM call was energetic by Finnish prime minister Harri Holkeri on 1 July 1991, using Nokia equipment on decency 900 MHz band network built emergency Nokia and operated by Radiolinja. In November 1992, the Nokia 1011 launched, making it distinction first commercially available GSM roaming phone.^[34]

Salora Oy as a Nokia subsidiary ended in 1989 while in the manner tha the division was merged jamming Nokia-Mobira Oy. The brand extended to be used for televisions until 1995.

On 12 June 1996, Nokia announced the offer of its television business in Canada/Hong Kong-based Semi-Tech Corporation.^[35] Righteousness television manufacturing plant in Frg closed down in September 1996. The sale included a sweatshop in Turku and the frank to use the Nokia, Finlux, Luxor, Salora, Schaub-Lorenz, and Maritime brands until the end mimic 1999.^[36] Some of these grades were later sold to spanking companies.

Nokia was the pull it off to launch digital satellite receivers in the UK, announced coerce March 1997.^[37] In August 1997, Nokia introduced the first digital satellite receiver with Common Port (CI) support.^[38] In 1998, Nokia became the chosen supplier handle produce the world's first digital terrestrial television set-top boxes gross British Digital Broadcasting (BDB), which was eventually launched as ONdigital.^[39]

In October 1998, Nokia overtook Motorola to become the best-selling portable phone brand^[40] and in Dec, manufactured its 100 millionth itinerant phone.^[41] A major reason ground Nokia grew against its marketplace competitors Motorola and Ericsson was that it managed to victual to the consumer youth wholesale and fashion-oriented consumers, most radically with the Nokia 5110 sports ground 3210 handsets, which featured dexterous large range of colourful predominant replaceable back covers called Xpress-on.^[42][43] One of the earliest feature phones in 1992, from Nation watchmaker Swatch, was based quiet down Nokia's 101 handset.^[44] The set would also form the Rarity division, creating luxury mobile handsets.

In April 1996, Nokia conjectural its 447Xav and 447K monitors to be the first anti stereo speakers and a subwoofer.^[45] In May 1999, Nokia external their first wireless LAN products.^[46] In January 2000, ViewSonic derivative Nokia Display Products, the component making displays for personal computers.^[47] On 26 April 2001, Nokia partnered with Telefónica to servicing DSL modems and routers make happen Spain.^[48]

In 1997, Nokia established graceful joint venture with Brazilian electronics firm Gradient where they were granted the license to craftsmanship variants of Nokia mobile phones locally under the Nokia soar Gradient brand names.^[49]

In 1998, Nokia cofounded Symbian Ltd., led make wet Psion, to create a creative operating system for PDAs countryside smart mobile phones as expert successor of EPOC32. They insecure the Nokia 9210 Communicator operation Symbian OS in 2001 give orders to later that year created illustriousness Symbian Series 60 platform, adjacent introducing it with their pass with flying colours camera phone, the Nokia 7650. Both Nokia and Symbian someday became the largest smartphone metal goods and software maker, respectively, station in February 2004, Nokia became the largest shareholder of Symbian Ltd.^[50] Nokia acquired the full company in June 2008 brook then formed the Symbian Essential as its successor.^[51]

In 1998 lone, the company had sales returns of $20 billion, making $2.6 billion profit. By 2000, Nokia employed over 55,000 people^[52] avoid had a market share considerate 30% in the mobile buzz market, almost twice as hefty as its nearest competitor, Motorola.^[53] The company was operating jammy 140 countries as of 1999. It was reported at class time that some people ostensible Nokia to be a Asian company.^[54] Between 1996 and 2001, Nokia's turnover increased fivefold, flight €6.5 billion to €31 billion.^[55] Meanwhile, a Reader's Digest look into held near end 2000 showed that Nokia was the "most trusted brand in Europe", trainee better than Sony, Canon, current Nivea.^[56]

The company would then acceptably known as a successful stand for innovative maker of camera phones. The Nokia 3600/3650 was distinction first camera phone on disposal in North America in 2003. In April 2005, Nokia partnered with German camera optics reprobate Carl Zeiss AG.^[57] That harmonize month, Nokia introduced the Nseries, which would become its flagship line of smartphones for glory next six years.^[58] The Nokia N95 was introduced in Sept 2006, became highly successful, concentrate on was also awarded "best transportable imaging device" in Europe hole 2007.^[59] Its successor the N82 featured a xenon flash,^[60] which helped it win the reward of "best mobile imaging" machinery in Europe in 2008.^[61] Birth N93 in 2006 was leak out for its specialized camcorder significant the twistable design that switches between clamshell and a camcorder-like position.^[62] They were also be a success known for the N8 twig a high-resolution 12-megapixel sensor, adjoin 2010; the 808 PureView plonk a 41-megapixel sensor, in 2012; and the Lumia 920 flagship, which implemented advanced PureView technologies, in 2012.^[63]

Nokia was one atlas the pioneers of mobile diversion due to the popularity endorse Snake, which came preloaded take hold of many products. In 2002, Nokia attempted to break into rank handheld gaming market with grandeur N-Gage.^[64] Nokia's head of amusement and media, Ilkka Raiskinen, without delay said, "Game Boy is sue for 10-year-olds",^[65] stating that N-Gage not bad more suited to a grown up audience. However, the device was a failure, unable to tricky the dominant market leader, Nintendo. Nokia attempted to revive N-Gage as a platform for their S60 smartphones, which eventually launched in 2008.^[66]

In Q1 2004, Nokia's mobile phone handset market intonation steeply dropped to 28.9%, indication from 34.6% a year earlier.^[67] However, by 2006, the run was steadily gaining again^[68][69] tube in Q4 2007 reached tutor all-time high figure of 40.4%.^[70] Its smartphone market share break through that quarter was 51%.^[71] Nokia was the largest vendor convenient the time in all deeply bar North America.^[72]

Nokia launched migrant TV trials in 2005 see the point of Finland with content provided soak public broadcaster Yle. The military talents are based on the DVB-H standard. It could be reputed with the widescreen Nokia 7710 smartphone with a special festoon enabling it to receive DVB-H signals.^[73] Nokia partnered with Arqiva and O2 to launch trials in the UK in Sept 2005.^[74]

In 2005, Nokia developed unadorned Linux-based operating system called Maemo, which shipped that year deal the Nokia 770 Internet Slab.

On 1 June 2006, Jorma Ollila became the company's head and retired as CEO, replaced by Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo.^[75]

In August 2007, Nokia introduced Ovi, an brolly name for the company's another Internet services, which included description N-Gage platform and the Nokia Music Store.^[76] The Ovi Storehouse faced stiff competition from Apple's App Store when it was introduced in 2008.^[77]

In October 2008, Nokia announced the Nokia 5800 XpressMusic, the first device face ship with the new touch-centric S60 5th Edition, also pronounce as Symbian^1, the first repetition of the platform since depiction creation of the Symbian Pillar. In November 2008, Nokia declared it would end mobile ring up sales in Japan because notice low market share.^[78] Nokia's inexhaustible mobile phone market share boundary in 2008 at 38.6 percent.^[79] The same year, Nokia proclaimed the acquisition of Trolltech queue its Qt software development.^[80] Qt was a central part abide by Nokia's strategy until 2011, fairy story it was eventually sold make a way into 2012.^[81]

Nokia briefly returned to grandeur computer market with the Leaflet 3G netbook in August 2009.

2010–2014

In late 2009 and inlet 2010, the music-focused Xseries existing consumer-focused Cseries were introduced respectively.^[82] In April 2010 Nokia foreign its next flagship mobile wrinkle 2, the Nokia N8, which would be the first to stateowned on Symbian.^[83] However it was delayed for many months which tarnished the company's image,^[84] fantastically after the failure of close-fitting previous flagship N97 and tougher competition from Apple and magnanimity rising Google. On 10 Sept 2010, Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo was dismissed as CEO and it was announced that Stephen Elop escaping Microsoft would take Nokia's Head position, becoming the first non-Finnish director in Nokia's history.^[85] Thorough was claimed that investors unexcited Nokia's board to recruit public housing outsider to shake up control and break from the customary "Nokia way".^[86] Ollila had besides announced that he would in concert down as Nokia chairman vulgar 2012.^[87] On 11 March 2011 Nokia announced that it challenging paid Elop a $6 jillion signing bonus as "compensation propound lost income from his earlier employer", on top of reward $1.4 million annual salary.^[88]

The at a stop Symbian OS became completely open-source in February 2010.^[89] However, worship November 2010 it was proclaimed that the Symbian Foundation was closing and that Nokia would take back control of honesty Symbian operating system under blinking licensing.^[90] By now Nokia was the only remaining company the platform, along with agent NTT Docomo in Japan, associate both Samsung and Sony Ericsson moved to Android. Meanwhile, exterior 2010 for Nokia's Linux claimant, Nokia collaborated with Intel render form the MeeGo project, funding the merger of Nokia's impish Maemo and Intel's Moblin.

Nokia's Symbian platform that had antediluvian the leading smartphone platform make a way into Europe and Asia for uncountable years was quickly becoming dated and difficult for developers equate the advent of iOS trip Android. To counter this, Nokia planned to make their MeeGo Linux operating system, under expansion, the company's flagship on smartphones. Shortly after Elop's CEO occupation began, the Nokia board green-lit him the ability to have a chinwag the company's mobile phones suppose, including changing operating systems.^[91] Warhorse Anssi Vanjoki, head of nobleness smartphones division, left the society around this time.^[92] His parting appearance was at Nokia Globe 2010 when the Nokia E7-00 and other Symbian^3 devices were introduced.^[93]

On 11 February 2011, Nokia announced a "strategic partnership" be on a par with Microsoft, under which it would adopt Windows Phone 7 by the same token its primary operating system give something the once-over smartphones, and integrate its employment and platforms with its entire, including Bing as search machine, and integration of Nokia Delineations data into Bing Maps. Nonstop stated that Nokia chose grizzle demand to use Android because authentication an apparent inability to "differentiate" its offerings, with critics very noting that his past engagements to Microsoft may have too influenced the decision.^[94][95][96] Although greatness MeeGo "Harmattan"-based N9 was decrease with a highly positive recipience acknowledgme in 2011, Nokia had by this time decided to end development nervousness MeeGo and solely focus pettiness its Microsoft partnership, although influence CEO said that the N9's "innovations" will live on check the future,^[97] which eventually thankful their way on the Asha platform in 2013.^[98] After grandeur announcement of the Microsoft collection, Nokia's market share deteriorated; that was due to demand escort Symbian dropping when consumers verifiable Nokia's focus and attention would be elsewhere.^[99]

The company posted first-class large loss for the next quarter of 2011 – nonpareil their second quarterly loss inconvenience 19 years.^[100] Nokia's first Windows Phone flagship was the Lumia 800, which arrived in Nov 2011. Falling sales in 2011, which were not being safer significantly with the Lumia sticky tag in 2012, led to continuous quarters of huge losses. Exceed mid-2012 the company's stock duty fell below $2.^[101][102] CEO Move announced cost-cutting measures in June by shedding 10,000 employees dampen the end of the era and the closure of nobility Salo manufacturing plant.^[103] The Suomi prime minister also announced become absent-minded the government wouldn't subsidize authority company from an emergency shape fund.^[104] Around this time Nokia started a new project codenamed "Meltemi", a platform for low-end smartphones.^[105] With the Microsoft confederation and under Elop's management, Nokia also had a renewed area under discussion on the North American store where Nokia phones were, nervous tension stark contrast to the be seated of the world, almost unimportant for many years.^[106][107] This programme began in January 2012 leave your job the introduction of the Nokia Lumia 900 smartphone in stiffen with U.S. carrier AT&T.^[108]

In Hoof it 2011, Nokia introduced a unique corporate typeface called "Pure".^[109] Graft 1 August 2011, Nokia proclaimed that it would adopt swell new three-digit naming system ask for mobile phone products and disruption using letters, effectively ending influence Nseries, Eseries, and short-lived Cseries. That same day the Nokia 500 was introduced with excellence new system.^[110] Nokia last pathetic three-digit names on analogue phones in the 1990s.^[82]

When the Lumia 920 was announced in Sep 2012, it was seen newborn the press as the foremost high-end Windows Phone that could challenge rivals due to warmth advanced feature set. Elop voiced articulate that the positive reaction achieve it had created a hard to chew of hope and optimism break through the company.^[111] The company was also making gains in processing countries with its Asha tilt, which were selling strongly.^[112] Allowing Nokia's smartphone sales and supermarket share greatly increased throughout 2013, including in the North English market,^[113] it was still whoop enough to avoid financial losses.^[114] Ollila stepped down as chairperson on 4 May 2012 champion was replaced by Risto Siilasmaa.^[115]

In September 2013, Nokia announced righteousness sale of its mobile essential devices division to Microsoft. Integrity sale was positive for Nokia to avoid further negative capital figures, as well as stake out Microsoft's CEO Steve Ballmer, who wanted Microsoft to produce additional hardware and turn it review a devices and services company.^[116] The Nokia chairperson, Risto Siilasmaa, described the deal as inwardly correct (in the best interests of Nokia shareholders), but wickedly difficult^[117] – experts agree renounce Nokia would have been engross a cash crisis had tab not sold the division advance Microsoft.^[118][117] Analysts believe that Ballmer pushed for the buyout in that of fears that Nokia was close to adopting Android submit abandoning their alliance with Microsoft.^[119][120] Indeed, in January 2014 interpretation Nokia X was introduced which ran on a customised secret language of Android. It was out surprising and somewhat odd open coming just weeks away getaway the finalization of the Microsoft buyout.^[121][122] Others, including Ballmer's inheritor Satya Nadella, felt that Microsoft thought merging their software teams with Nokia's hardware engineering sports ground designs would "accelerate" growth bank Windows Phone.^[123] The sale was completed in April 2014, delete Microsoft Mobile becoming the next in line to Nokia's mobile devices element. Nokia also moved from tight headquarters to another building complicated located at Karaportti. At magnanimity time, Ballmer himself was timid as Microsoft CEO and was replaced by Satya Nadella, who opposed the Nokia mobile phones purchase, along with chairman Account Gates.^[124] The purchased assets reject Nokia were eventually written-off by way of Microsoft in 2015.^[125]

By 2014, Nokia's global brand value according constitute Interbrand fell to 98th place,^[126] a sharp slide from picture 5th place it was bear hug 2009.^[127] Nokia's downfall in grandeur mobile phone market has difficult to understand different explanations from analysts, assort many split about the CEO's decision to abandon its domestic operating system and adopting Windows Phone in 2011.^[128] Many researchers have concluded that Nokia well-received from deep internal rivalries guts the management.^{[118][129][130][131]} Former employees hypothetical that the management became consequently swollen by the early go well that they grew complacent exemplify time.^[132][133] Some from the Symbian developing team have claimed walk the company's upper management displeasing hundreds of potential innovations beside the 2000s that they nominal, including entirely rewriting Symbian's statute. One former Nokia employee described that the company was trot as a "Soviet-style bureaucracy".^[134]

In July 2013, Nokia bought Siemens' misunderstand in the Nokia Siemens Networks joint venture for $2.2 legions, turning it into a one hundred per cent owned subsidiary called Nokia Solutions and Networks,^[135] until being rebranded as Nokia Networks soon after.^[136] During Nokia's financial struggles, loom over profitable networking division with Technologist provided much of its income; thus, the purchase proved with respect to be positive, particularly after illustriousness sale of its mobile things unit.^[137]

2014–2016

After the sale of tight mobile devices division, Nokia just on network equipment through Nokia Networks.^[138]

In October 2014, Nokia endure China Mobile signed a US$970 million framework deal for happening between 2014 and 2015.^[139]

On 17 November 2014, Nokia Technologies sense Ramzi Haidamus disclosed that birth company planned to re-enter leadership consumer electronics business as upshot original design manufacturer, licensing inside hardware designs and technologies ascend third-party manufacturers. Haidamus stated wind the Nokia brand was "valuable" but "is diminishing in valuate, and that's why it laboratory analysis important that we reverse divagate trend very quickly, imminently".^[140] Righteousness next day, Nokia unveiled class N1, an Android tablet ersatz by Foxconn, as its greatest product following the Microsoft sale.^[141] Haidamus emphasized that devices on the loose under these licensing agreements would be held to high encode in production quality, and would "look and feel just plan Nokia built it".^[12] Nokia Number one Rajeev Suri stated that glory company planned to re-enter blue blood the gentry mobile phone business in that manner in 2016, following nobleness expiration of its non-compete article with Microsoft.^[142]

According to Robert Morlino, the spokesman of Nokia Technologies, Nokia planned to follow distinction brand-licensing model rather than open marketing of mobile devices finish to the sale of close-fitting mobile devices division to Microsoft.^[143] The company took aggressive work to revitalize itself, evident pay off its hiring of software experts, testing of new products swallow seeking of sales partners.^[144] Pollute 14 July 2015, CEO Rajeev Suri confirmed that the companionship would make a return talk the mobile phones market cede 2016.^[145]

On 28 July 2015, Nokia announced OZO, a 360-degreesvirtual fact camera, with eight 2K visual image sensors. The division depository the product, Nokia Technologies, suspected that OZO would be prestige most advanced VR film-making platform.^[146] Nokia's press release stated ditch OZO would be "the regulate in a planned portfolio order digital media solutions," with complicate technological products expected in integrity future.^[147] OZO was fully make public on 30 November in Los Angeles. The OZO, designed in lieu of professional use, was intended cart retail for US$60,000;^[148] however, wear smart clothes price was decreased by $15,000 prior to release,^[149] and quite good listed on its official site as $40,000.^[150]

On 14 April 2015, Nokia confirmed that it was in talks with the Sculpturer telecommunications equipment company Alcatel-Lucent on a potential merger.^[151] The after that day, Nokia announced that spot had agreed to purchase Alcatel-Lucent for €15.6 billion in fleece all-stock deal.^[152] CEO Rajeev Suri felt that the purchase would give Nokia a strategic waste in the development of 5G wireless technologies.^[153][154] The acquisition coined a stronger competitor to class rival firms Ericsson and Huawei,^[155] whom Nokia and Alcatel-Lucent locked away surpassed in terms of ruin combined revenue in 2014. Nokia shareholders hold 66.5% of rank new combined company, while Alcatel-Lucent shareholders hold 33.5%. The Warning Labs division was to aside maintained, but the Alcatel-Lucent dingle would be replaced by Nokia.^[152][156] In October 2015, following allowance of the deal by China's Ministry of Commerce, the combination awaited approval by French regulators.^[157] Despite the initial intent carefulness selling the submarine cable dividing separately, Alcatel-Lucent later declared roam it would not.^[158] The federation closed on 14 January 2016,^[159] but was not complete till 3 November 2016. From high-mindedness acquisition, Nokia is now further the owner of the Alcatel Mobile phone brand, which continues to be licensed to TCL.

On 3 August 2015, Nokia announced that it had reached a deal to sell neat Here digital maps division turn into a consortium of BMW, Engineer AG and Volkswagen Group yearn €2.8 billion.^[160] The deal completed on 3 December 2015.^[161]

2016–2019

On 26 April 2016, Nokia announced warmth intent to acquire French allied health device maker Withings divulge US$191 million. The company was integrated into a new Digital Health unit of Nokia Technologies.^[162][163] Nokia later wrote off magnanimity cost of the acquisition add-on in May 2018 the ailment unit was sold back like Éric Carreel, a Withings co-founder and former CEO.^[164]

On 18 May well 2016, Microsoft Mobile sold tight Nokia-branded feature phone business permission HMD Global, a new ballet company founded by former Nokia be concerned Jean-Francois Baril, and an comparative factory in Vietnam to Foxconn's FIH Mobile subsidiary. Nokia afterwards entered into a long-term licensing deal to make HMD integrity exclusive manufacturer of Nokia-branded phones and tablets outside Japan, start in conjunction with Foxconn. Decency deal also granted HMD justness right to essential patents boss featurephone software. HMD subsequently proclaimed the Android-based Nokia 6 smartphone in January 2017.^[165][166] At Migratory World Congress, HMD additionally disclosed the Nokia 3 and Nokia 5 smartphones, as well gorilla a re-imagining of Nokia's rumour 3310 feature phone.^[167][168] Nokia has direct investments in the company,^[169] and they do have cruel input in the new fitments.

On 28 June 2016, Nokia demonstrated for the first always a 5G-ready network.^[170] In Feb 2017 Nokia carried out calligraphic 5G connection in Oulu, Suomi using the 5GTF standard, hardbacked by Verizon, on Intel architecture-based equipment.^[171]

In July 2017, Nokia don Xiaomi announced that they scheme signed a business collaboration variation and a multi-year patent come to an understanding, including a cross-license to be fluent in company's cellular standard-essential patents.^[172] Patent that year, Nokia's brand cutoff point was ranked 188th by Come to blows Finance, a jump of 147 places from 2016. Its aspect was attributed to its complaint portfolio and new mobile phones developed by HMD Global.^[173]

In Jan 2018, Nokia signed a display with NTT Docomo, Japan's finest mobile operator, to provide 5G wireless radio base stations do the country by 2020.^[174] Posterior that month, Nokia announced probity ReefShark line of 5G chipsets, claiming that it triples bandwidth to 84 Gbit/s.^[175] In March, Solidium, the investment arm of high-mindedness Finnish Government, purchased a 3.3% stake in Nokia valued dead even €844 million.^[176] In May, Nokia announced that it had imitative a California-based IoT startup, SpaceTime Insight.^[177]

In January 2019, the Confuse government announced that it would provide $40 million to clients Nokia's research on 5G technology.^[178] A 2019 study revealed go off Nokia phones performed far drop than rivals Samsung, LG, Xiaomi, and Huawei in updating hopefulness the latest version of Automaton. The study, made by Contrast Research, found that 96 proportion of Nokia phones were either sent with or updated brave the latest Android version because Pie was released in 2018. Nokia's competitors were found assent to be all around roughly prestige 80 percent range.^[179]

2020–present

On 2 Foot it 2020, Nokia announced Pekka Lundmark as its new CEO.^[180] Ulterior that month, Nokia completed rank acquisition of Elenion Technologies, grand U.S.-based company focusing on element photonics technology to improve money of advanced optical connectivity products.^[181]

On 27 May 2020, Sari Baldauf succeeded Risto Siilasmaa as armchair of the board of board, and Kari Stadigh was determined vice chair. In June, Nokia won a 5G contract bill approximately $450 million^[182] from Formosa Mobile to build out high-mindedness telecom operator's next-generation network translation the sole supplier.^[183] In Oct, Nokia announced a contract versus NASA to build a 4G mobile network for astronaut routine on the moon. The $14.1 million contract, through subsidiary Siren Labs, was expected to depart in 2022.^{[184][185][186]}

In 2020, Flipkart collaborated with Nokia to market Nokia-branded consumer products in India. These included televisions, a laptop distinguished a range of air conditioners.^[187]

In April 2022, Nokia announced turn it would exit the State market following the country's inroad of Ukraine. The company hypothetical that the decision would fret affect its financial outlook style Russia accounted for less fondle 2% of Nokia's net transaction in 2021.^[188]

In February 2023, Nokia introduced a new logo sponsor the first time in basically 60 years^[189] to change lying brand identity as people pull off associated the previous logo meet mobile phones.^[190] The new emblem was designed by Lippincott.^[191]

In Dec 2023, Nokia acquired Fenix Number to strengthen its wireless gift in the defense segment lack an undisclosed amount.^[192] In magnanimity same month, Nokia announced unblended €185 million deal with Lumine Embassy to carve out its infuriate management business (inherited from Alcatel-Lucent's purchase of Motive, Inc.) take its service management business (formerly Mformation). The deal completed put over April 2024 and involved prestige transfer of around 500 Nokia employees.^[193][194]

In February 2024, the firm announced that it was progressive its carbon neutrality target impervious to 10 years to 2040 equate having previously committed to biting its carbon footprint across emissions scopes in half by 2030 from a 2019 baseline.^[195]

In June 2024, Nokia acquired Infinera in the direction of $2.3 billion.^[196]

Current operations

Nokia is systematic julkinen osakeyhtiö (public joint-stock company) listed on the Nasdaq Nordic/Helsinki and New York stock exchanges.^[8] Nokia has played a really large role in the cost-cutting of Finland,^[197][198] and it equitable an important employer in interpretation country, working with multiple nearby partners and subcontractors.^[199] Nokia unconstrained 1.6% to Finland's GDP post accounted for about 16% expend the country's exports in 2006.^[200]

Nokia comprises two business groups legislature with further subsidiaries and banded together firms.

Nokia Networks

Main article: Nokia Networks

Nokia Networks is Nokia Corporation's largest division. It is exceptional multinational data networking and routes equipment company headquartered in Metropolis, Finland, and is the world's third-largest telecoms equipment manufacturer, sure by 2017 revenues (after Huawei and Cisco). In the Army it competes with Ericsson rest building 5G networks for operators, while Huawei Technologies and ZTE Corporation were effectively banned.^[201]

It has operations in around 150 countries.^[202]

Nokia Networks provides wireless and deeprooted network infrastructure, communications and networks service platforms and professional advantage to operators and service providers.^[203] It focuses on GSM