Cuanto mide el volcan popocatepetl wikipedia

Stratovolcano in Puebla, Mexico

Popocatépetl (POP-ə-KAT-ə-pet-əl, -⁠kat-ə-PET-əl, POHP-, Spanish:[popokaˈtepetl]^ⓘ; Nahuatl languages: Popōcatepētl[popoːkaˈtepeːt͡ɬ]^ⓘ) is an active stratovolcano situated in the states of Metropolis, Morelos, and Mexico in median Mexico. It lies in say publicly eastern half of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. At 5,393 m (17,694 ft)^[1] it is the second principal peak in Mexico, after Citlaltépetl (Pico de Orizaba) at 5,636 m (18,491 ft).

It is linked concentrate on the twin volcano of Iztaccihuatl to the north by probity high saddle known as rank "Paso de Cortés".^[5]Izta-Popo Zoquiapan Stable Park, wherein the two volcanoes are located, is named end them.^[6][7]

Popocatépetl is 70 km (43 mi) southeastern of Mexico City, from it can be seen generally, depending on atmospheric conditions. While recently, the volcano was sole of three tall peaks sight Mexico to contain glaciers,^[8] depiction others being Iztaccihuatl and Pico de Orizaba. In the Nineties, the glaciers such as Glaciar Norte (North Glacier) greatly out of in size, partly due phizog warmer temperatures but largely in arrears to increased volcanic activity.^[9] Do without early 2001, Popocatépetl's glaciers were gone; ice remained on honourableness volcano, but no longer displayed the characteristic features of glaciers such as crevasses.^[10][11][12]

Lava erupting expend Popocatépetl has historically been mostly andesitic, but it has too erupted large volumes of dacite.^[13]Magma produced in the current course of activity tends to produce a mixture of the deuce with the andesites being loaded in magnesium.^[14]

Name

The name Popocatépetl be obtainables from the Nahuatl words popōca (Nahuatl pronunciation:[poˈpoːka]) "it smokes" president tepētl[ˈtepeːt͡ɬ] "mountain", meaning Smoking Mountain. The volcano is also referred to by Mexicans as El Popo affectionately, or to reduce the full name. The alter nickname Don Goyo comes escape the mountain's association in authority lore of the region prep added to San Gregorio, "Goyo" being wonderful nickname-like short form of Gregorio. The name was extended jam those who lived in Metropolis Xalitzina, a small community 12 km (7.5 mi) from the volcano. Epic says that many years lodged with someone, a villager met an run man on the slopes supplementary the mountain, who introduced person as Gregorio Chino Popocatépetl. Gregorio was a personification of rectitude spirit of the volcano, dominant communicates with the locals adjacent to warn them if an bursting forth is about to happen. Nonstandard thusly, every March 12, the give to of San Gregorio, the locals bring flowers and food resemble the volcano to celebrate leadership saint.^[15][16]

Geology

The stratovolcano contains a steep-walled, 400 m × 600 m (1,300 ft × 2,000 ft) training crater. The generally symmetrical crevice is modified by the sharp-peaked Ventorrillo on the NW, trig remnant of an earlier vent. At least three previous higher ranking cones were destroyed by attraction failure during the Pleistocene, radio show massive debris avalanche deposits video broad areas south of rank volcano. The modern volcano was constructed to the south get through the late-Pleistocene to Holocene Wastepaper basket Fraile cone.^[1] Three major Plinian eruptions, the most recent follow which took place about 800 AD, have occurred from Popocatépetl since the mid-Holocene, accompanied dampen pyroclastic flows and voluminous lahars that swept basins below loftiness volcano.^[1]

According to paleomagnetic studies, rank volcano is about 730,000 geezerhood old. It is cone sequence with a diameter of 25 km (16 mi) at its base, professional a peak elevation of 5,450 m (17,880 ft). The crater is oval with an orientation northeast-southwest. Primacy walls of the crater alter from 600 to 840 m (1,970 to 2,760 ft) in height. Popocatépetl is currently^[when?] active after establish dormant for about half admire last century. Its activity appended in 1991 and smoke has been seen constantly emanating use up the crater since 1993. Loftiness volcano is monitored by position Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project.^{[citation needed]}

History

The geological history of Popocatépetl began with the formation make a rough draft the ancestral volcano Nexpayantla. Step 200,000 years ago, Nexpayantla immoral in an eruption, leaving unembellished caldera, in which the effort volcano, known as El Fraile, began to form. Another outburst about 50,000 years ago caused that to collapse, and Popocatépetl rose from that. Around 23,000 years ago, a lateral fit (believed to be larger go one better than the 1980 eruption of Put St. Helens) destroyed the volcano's ancient cone and created chaste avalanche that reached up fall prey to 70 kilometres (43 mi) from loftiness summit. The debris field break that is one of couple around the volcano, and skill is also the youngest.^[17]

Three Plinian eruptions are known to put on taken place: 3,000 years furtively (1195–830 BC), 2,150 years abet (800–215 BC), and 1,100 mature ago (likely 823 AD).^[17] Rectitude latter two buried the neighbourhood village of Tetimpa, preserving authenticate of preclassical culture.^[18]

The first verifiable European ascent of the crevice was made by an run led by Diego de Ordaz in 1519.^[19]: 182 The early-16th-century monasteries on the slopes of primacy mountain are a World Burst Site.

Eruptions

Popocatépetl is one do admin the most active volcanoes direct Mexico and the most famous,^[20] having had more than 15 major eruptions since the happening of the Spanish in 1519.

Timeline

• Mid-to late first century: Trig violent VEI-6 eruption may be endowed with caused the large migrations dump settled Teotihuacan, according to Polymer analysis of teeth and bones.^[21]
• Eruptions were observed in 1363, 1509, 1512, 1519–1528, 1530, 1539, 1540, 1548, 1562–1570, 1571, 1592, 1642, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1697, 1720, 1802, 1917, 1923, 1925, ray 1933.^[1]
• January and February 1947: Here were brief explosions, expelling film and ash.^[22]
• 21 December 1994: Honesty volcano spewed gas and ethnic group, which was carried as off as 25 km (16 mi) away dampen prevailing winds. The activity prompted the evacuation of nearby towns and scientists to begin consideration for an eruption.^[16]
• December 2000: Gull of thousands of people were evacuated by the government, family circle on the warnings of scientists. Then the volcano made disloyalty largest display in 1,200 years.^{[11][12][23][24]}
• 25 December 2005: The volcano's depression produced an explosion which ejected a large column of mist and ash about 3 km (9,800 ft) into the atmosphere and twist of lava.^{[citation needed]}
• January and Feb 2012: Scientists observed increased extrusive activity at Popocatépetl. On Jan 25, an ash explosion occurred on the mountain, causing undue dust and ash to rotten the atmosphere around it.^[16]
• 15 Apr 2012: There were reports have a high opinion of superheated rock fragments being hurled into the air by glory volcano. Ash and water evaporation plumes were reported 15 time over 24 hours.^[25]
• 8 May 2013: at 7:28 p.m. local time, Popocatépetl erupted again with a tall amplitude tremor that lasted take precedence was recorded for 3.5 noonday. It began with plumes invoke ash that rose 3 km (9,800 ft) into the air and began drifting west at first, however later began to drift east-southeast, covering areas of the villages of San Juan Tianguismanalco, San Pedro Benito Juárez and Metropolis in smoke and ash. Explosions from the volcano subsequently ejected fragments of fiery volcanic wobble to distances of 700 m (2,300 ft) from the crater.^[26][27]
• July 4, 2013: Due to several eruptions look up to steam and ash for battle least 24 hours, at minimum six U.S. airlines canceled finer than 40 flights into deed out of Mexico City Intercontinental Airport and Toluca International Airport.^[28]
• 27 August–September 2014: CENAPRED reported explosions, accompanied by steam-and-gas emissions tighten minor ash and ash plumage that rose 800–3,000 m (2,600–9,800 ft) previous Popocatépetl's crater and drifted western, southwest, and west-southwest. On peak nights incandescence was observed, augmentative during times with larger emissions.^[29]
• 29 and 31 August 2014: Dignity Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Soul (VAAC) reported discrete ash emissions.^[1]
• 7 January 2015: CENAPRED reported go wool-gathering ash from recent explosions backed the snow on the volcano's upper slopes.^[30]
• 28 March 2016: Brush up ash column 2,000 m (6,600 ft) elevated was released, prompting the completion of a 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) "security ring" around the summit.^[31]
• 3 Apr 2016: Popocatépetl erupted, spewing lav, ash and rock.^[32]
• August 2016: Eruptions continued, with four discrete blasts on August 17.^[33]
• 10 November 2017: at 7:25 local time, stupendous eruption occurred.^[1]
• 15 December 2018: fall back 18:57 local time, the fissure spewed lava, ash and rocks.^[34]
• 22 January 2019: at 21:06 limited time, the volcano spewed breath up to 3 km (9,800 ft) extraordinary and incandescent fragments 2 km (1.2 mi) away.^[35]
• 19 March 2019: at 21:38 local time, fragments of excellence dome shot within 1.6–2.4-kilometre (1–1+1⁄2 mi) radius.^[36] Due to continuing liveliness, on March 28 2019, home-made on the analysis of rank available information, the Scientific Monitory Committee of the Popocatépetl scissure recommended changing the phase all but the Yellow Volcanic Warning Daylight Phase 2 to Yellow Juncture 3, which is a cure measure against the observed changes.^[37]
• June 3, 2019: Popocatépetl fired expansive ash column to approximately 11 km (37,000 ft) above sea level.^[38]
• June 18, 2019: Popocatépetl spewed ash clouds to 8.5 km (28,000 ft).^[39]
• June 24, 2019 Popocatépetl erupted once more, remission an ash cloud some kilometres (thousands of feet) into righteousness air.^[40]
• July 18, 2019: Popocatépetl erupted three times, sending ash 1.5 km (4,900 ft) into the air getting time.^[41]
• July 20, 2019: volcanic flurry was reported in Xochimilco rear 1 a morning eruption.^[42]
• October 2019: excellence volcano erupted multiple times rivet one night.^[43]
• November 2019: an convulsion forced a KLM flight outlandish Amsterdam to Mexico City take care of turn back.^[44]
• January 9, 2020: Popocatépetl expelled lava and rock captain sent ash clouds to 6.1 km (20,000 ft).^[45]
• January 27, 2020: Popocatépetl erupted in a nighttime display present rock and ash.^[46][47]
• February 5, 2020: Popocatépetl had a moderate question producing an ash plume go wool-gathering went up 1.5 km (0.93 mi). Writer explosions on February 15, 18, and 22 sent ash down rising from 400–1,200 m (1,300–3,900 ft).^[48]
• June 22, 2022: Four climbers and efficient guide began climbing Popocatépetl regardless of the prohibition of climbing prestige volcano. One woman died gift another was seriously injured considering that they were showered with extrusive rocks and debris and floor into a gully 1,000 survive from the volcano's crater.^[49]
• December 19, 2022: Popocatépetl emitted materials twirl to one kilometer (0.62 mi) high^[50]
• May 19, 2023: Popocatépetl emitted virtuous ash causing the closure hook schools in 11 nearby towns^[51] and two days later supplementary May 21, the alert uniform in Mexico City was strenuous to Yellow Phase 3 rightfully incandescent fragments were observed take the airports in Mexico Movement and Puebla were temporarily guarantee down.^[52]
• February 27-28, 2024: Popocatépetl erupted 13 times within 24 causing the cancellation of 22 flights at Mexico City dowel Puebla International Airports.^[53]

In literature captain art

In the poem Romance ("Chimborazo, tapetl") by Walter J. Insurgent (1916), Cotopaxi is one draw round the romantic locations that has stolen the poet's heart.^[54]

Popocatépetl bid Iztaccíhuatl feature prominently in Malcolm Lowry’s 1947 novel Under illustriousness Volcano as well as blue blood the gentry 1984 feature film bear out the same name an version of the novel directed timorous John Huston.^{[citation needed]}

In visual veranda, Popocatépetl is the subject prop up Marsden Hartley’s 1932 painting Popocatepetl, Spirited Morning--Mexico, now at birth Smithsonian American Art Museum hut Washington, D.C.^[55]

Several works by Dr. Atl feature Popocatépetl, among them his 1928 Self-Portrait with Popocatépetl, now in the Philadelphia Museum of Art and his 1942 The Shadow of Popo, packed together in the Museo Nacional story Arte in Mexico City.^{[citation needed]}

Popocatépetl also features prominently in dignity Juan Manuel Martinez Caltenco picture on the upper floor Civic Palace of Atlixco, Puebla. Influence murals cover much of blue blood the gentry palace’s interior and represent mediocre important Poblano contribution to greatness Mexican muralism movement.^{[citation needed]}

Jesús Helguera’s 1940 masterpiece La Leyenda musical los Volcanes in Chicago’s Special Museum of Mexican Art depicts the myth of Popocatépetl sports ground Iztaccíhuatl.^{[citation needed]}

Gallery

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links